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Chapter 5: Stress and Physical and Mental Health
Multiple-Choice Questions
5.1-1. According to the text, the term stress will be used to refer to
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-1
Page Ref: 130
Topic: What is Stress?
Skill: Factual
Answer: c. the effects of external stressors within the organism.
5.1-2. Selye
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-2
Page Ref: 130
Topic: What Is Stress?
Skill: Factual
Answer: a. recognized that both happy and sad life events can be sources of stress.
5.1-3. Distress is
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-3
Page Ref: 130
Topic: What Is Stress?
Skill: Factual
Answer: d. a response to a negative event.
5.1-4. Which of the following terms refers to efforts to deal with stress?
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.1-4
Page Ref: 130
Topic: What Is Stress?
Skill: Applied
Answer: a. Coping strategies
5.1-5. What do positive and negative stressors have in common?
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-5
Page Ref: 130
Topic: What Is Stress?
Skill: Factual
Answer: d. Both tax ones resources and coping skills.
5.1-6. In DSM-5, a new category has been added. What is this new category?
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.1-6
Page Ref: 130
Topic: What Is Stress?
Skill: Factual
Answer: d. trauma- and stressor-related disorders
5.1-7. Which of the following psychological disturbances does not occur in response to an identifiable experience?
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-7
Page Ref: 130
Topic: What Is Stress?
Skill: Factual
Answer: c. depression
5.1-8. According to your textbook, which of the following is most stressful to people and animals?
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.1-8
Page Ref: 132
Topic: What Is Stress?
Skill: Factual
Answer: c. Uncontrollable stressors
5.1-9. Coping strategies are
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-9
Page Ref: 130
Topic: What Is Stress?
Skill: Factual
Answer: a. efforts to deal with stress.
5.1-10. Which of the following factors is linked to a persons ability to cope better?
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-10
Page Ref: 131
Topic: What Is Stress?
Skill: Applied
Answer: b. social support
5.1-11. Stress tolerance is
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.1-11
Page Ref: 131
Topic: What Is Stress?
Skill: Applied
Answer: c. a persons ability to withstand stress without becoming seriously impaired
5.1-12. Crisis is
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.1-12
Page Ref: 132
Topic: What Is Stress?
Skill: Applied
Answer: d. when a stressful situation overwhelms the individual.
5.1-13. Which of the following is not considered a life change?
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.1-13
Page Ref: 132
Topic: What Is Stress?
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: b. being diabetic
5.1-14. What is not a key factor in making a stressor more serious?
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.1-14
Page Ref: 131
Topic: What Is Stress?
Skill: Applied
Answer: c. its type or category
5.1-15. According to the text, a factor that does not make one stressor more serious than another includes:
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-15
Page Ref: 131
Topic: What Is Stress?
Skill: Factual
Answer: c. geographic region
5.1-16. The term crisis refers to
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-16
Page Ref: 132
Topic: What Is Stress?
Skill: Factual
Answer: a. any time when a stressful situation exceeds ones ability to cope.
5.1-17. Who is likely to have the most severe stress?
Difficulty: 3
Question ID: 5.1-17
Page Ref: 131-132
Topic: What Is Stress?
Skill: Applied
Answer: d. Josh, who has just been told he has cancer and whose wife announces she is leaving him when he tells her the news.
5.1-18. What is the difference between a stressor and a crisis?
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-18
Page Ref: 132
Topic: What Is Stress?
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: b. While all crises are stressors, not all stressors are crises.
5.1-19. The development of new methods of coping
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-19
Page Ref: 132
Topic: What Is Stress?
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: a. may be an outcome of a crisis.
5.1-20. The Social Readjustment Rating Scale
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-20
Page Ref: 132
Topic: What Is Stress?
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: c. is an imperfect means of quantifying the level of stress experience over a
period of time.
5.1-21. A client is administered the Social Readjustment Rating Scale. Which of the following would be measured?
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-21
Page Ref: 132
Topic: What Is Stress?
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: d. common, stressful life experiences
5.1-22. The Life Events and Difficulty Schedule
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.1-22
Page Ref: 132
Topic: What Is Stress?
Skill: Factual
Answer: b. allows the rater to consider the persons unique circumstances.
5.1-23. Which of the following is a criticism of the life event, interview-based scales?
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-23
Page Ref: 132
Topic: What Is Stress?
Skill: Applied
Answer: b. They are more expensive to administer.
5.1-24. The Life Event and Difficulty Schedule
Difficulty: 3
Question ID: 5.1-24
Page Ref: 132
Topic: What Is Stress?
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: b. allows raters to consider different circumstances around the same stressor.
5.1-25. Which of the following will lessen the impact of a stressful situation?
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.1-25
Page Ref: 132
Topic: What Is Stress?
Skill: Applied
Answer: c. preparing for the stressor
5.1-26. An individual with a high stress tolerance
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.1-26
Page Ref: 131
Topic: What Is Stress?
Skill: Applied
Answer: a. can function well in the face of a high level of stress.
5.1-27. Healthy psychological and physical functioning after a potentially traumatic event is called:
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.1-27
Page Ref: 132
Topic: What Is Stress?
Skill: Applied
Answer: b. resilience
5.1-28. According to your textbook, which of the following is a factor that increases resilience?
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.1-28
Page Ref: 132
Topic: What Is Stress?
Skill: Applied
Answer: b. being older
5.1-29. Which of the following parts has not been linked to the stress response?
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.1-35
Page Ref: 133
Topic: Stress and the Stress Response
Skill: Factual
Answer: b. the cerebellum
5.1-30. The stress glucocorticoid that is produced in humans is called
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.1-30
Page Ref: 133
Topic: Stress and the Stress Response
Skill: Factual
Answer: c. cortisol
5.1-31. Cortisol
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.1-31
Page Ref: 133
Topic: Stress and the Stress Response
Skill: Applied
Answer: c. prepares the body for fight or flight.
5.1-32. Which of the following statements about stress is correct?
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-32
Page Ref: 130-131
Topic: What Is Stress?
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: c. some people are predisposed to respond poorly to demands.
5.1-33. What is the name of the system that is designed to mobilize resources and prepare a fight-or-flight response?
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-23
Page Ref: 133
Topic: What Is Stress?
Skill: Factual
Answer: c. the sympathetic-adrenomedullary system
5.1-34. What is the term for the biological cost of adapting to stress?
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-34
Page Ref: 134
Topic: Stress and the Stress Response
Skill: Factual
Answer: a. allostatic load
5.1-35. I often find that when I am ill, I am not able to cope effectively with the normal hassles of life. I find myself becoming irritated by things that I would usually be able to ignore. Which of the following would explain this phenomenon?
Difficulty: 3
Question ID: 5.1-35
Page Ref: 134
Topic: Stress and the Stress Response
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: a. When using resources to deal with one stressor, the ability to tolerate additional stressors may be compromised.
5.1-36. Psychoneuroimmunology is the study of the interaction between the __________________.
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-36
Page Ref: 134
Topic: Stress and the Stress Response
Skill: Factual
Answer: a. nervous system and the immune system
5.1-37. Which of the following can cause stress-induced immunosuppression?
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-37
Page Ref: 134
Topic: Stress and the Stress Response
Skill: Factual
Answer: d. glucocorticoids
5.1-38. Which of the following is the biological cascade that is activated with prolonged stress?
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.1-38
Page Ref: 133
Topic: Stress and the Stress Response
Skill: Factual
Answer: d. the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
5.1-39. B-cells are
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-39
Page Ref: 134
Topic: Stress and The Stress Response
Skill: Factual
Answer: b. cells that produce antibodies.
5.1-40. Which type of cells release interleukin?
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-40
Page Ref: 135
Topic: Stress and The Stress Response
Skill: Factual
Answer: b. macrophages
5.1-41. Which is not a stressor linked to immunosuppression, according to the text?
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-41
Page Ref: 136
Topic: Stress and the Stress Response
Skill: Factual
Answer: a. vacation
5.1-42. Which cytokine has been associated with depression and caring for family members with Alzheimers disease?
Difficulty: 3
Question ID: 5.1-42
Page Ref: 136
Topic: Stress and the Stress Response
Skill: Factual
Answer: d. interleukin-6
5.1-43. What is considered the front line of immune system defense?
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-43
Page Ref: 134
Topic: Stress and The Stress Response
Skill: Factual
Answer: c. leukocytes
5.1-44. The pituitary gland
d.is important to the release of stress hormones.
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.1-44
Page Ref: 133
Topic: Stress and the Stress Response
Skill: Factual
Answer: d. is important to the release of stress hormones
5.1-45. The field of psychoneuroimmunology
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.1-45
Page Ref: 134
Topic: Stress and The Stress Response
Skill: Factual
Answer: d. examines the effects of stressors on the immune system.
5.1-46. Prolonged stress leads to suppression of the immune system. What might explain the evolution of such a seemingly flawed reaction?
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-46
Page Ref: 134
Topic: Stress and the Stress Response
Skill: Factual
Answer: d. Such immune suppression might prevent the development of autoimmune
illnesses.
5.1-47. Stress slows the healing of wounds by as much as ___ to ___ percent.
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-47
Page Ref: 136
Topic: Stress and the Stress Response
Skill: Factual
Answer: c. 24; 40.
5.1-48. Which of the following represents normal-range blood pressure?
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.1-51
Page Ref: 138
Topic: Cardiovascular Disease
Skill: Factual
Answer: c. 120/80
5.1-49. What is a symptom of hypertension?
Difficulty: 3
Question ID: 5.1-49
Page Ref: 138
Topic: Cardiovascular Disease
Skill: Applied
Answer: b. A person may show no symptoms of it.
5.1-50. Work-related stress can elevate risk of coronary heart disease by which key factors?
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.1-50
Page Ref: 140
Topic: Cardiovascular Disease
Skill: Factual
Answer: b. a highly demanding job and little decision-making control
5.1-51. What is Type D personality type?
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.1-51
Page Ref: 141
Topic: Cardiovascular Disease
Skill: Factual
Answer: c. The distressed type
5.1-52. What seems to be the most important component for coronary heart disease in the Type A behavior pattern?
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.1-52
Page Ref: 140-141
Topic: Cardiovascular Disease
Disease
Skill: Factual
Answer: a. hostility
5.1-53. Clyde is unmarried and has few friends. Why is he at greater risk for developing coronary heart disease than the general population?
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-53
Page Ref: 142
Topic: Cardiovascular Disease
Skill: Applied
Answer: b. Social isolation has been associated with increased risk of the disease.
5.1-54. What is risk factor?
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.1-54
Page Ref: 140
Topic: Cardiovascular Disease
Skill: Factual
Answer: b. a variable that increases the risk of a specific negative outcome
5.1-55. In regards to stress research, a risk factor is
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-55
Page Ref: 138
Topic: Cardiovascular Disease
Skill: Factual
Answer: b. something in a persons history that makes that person more vulnerable to stress.
5.1-56. People with heart disease are ____ times more likely than healthy people to be depressed.
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-56
Page Ref: 141
Topic: Cardiovascular Disease
Skill: Factual
Answer: b. three
5.1-57. Sudden cardiac death is ______ times higher in men with high levels of anxiety.
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-57
Page Ref: 142
Topic: Cardiovascular Disease
Skill: Factual
Answer: c. six
5.1-58. Which was not an effective treatment for stress-related disorders, according to your text?
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.1-58
Page Ref: 143-144
Topic: Treatment of Stress-Related Physical Disorders
Skill: Factual
Answer: a. psychoanalysis
5.1-59. What is the term for the procedure that aims to make a patient more aware of such things as their heart rate, level of muscle tension, or blood pressure?
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.1-59
Page Ref: 144
Topic: Treatment of Stress-Related Physical Disorders
Interventions
Skill: Factual
Answer: d. biofeedback
5.1-60. For an adjustment disorder, the symptoms must appear within __________
months of the stressor?
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.1-60
Page Ref: 145
Topic: Stress and Mental Health
Skill: Factual
Answer: c. three
5.1-61. Although divorce is now far more acceptable than it was in previous years, why do those going through a divorce still find it extremely stressful?
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.1-61
Page Ref: 131
Topic: Stress and Mental Health
Skill: Applied
Answer: d. Economic uncertainties are difficult to predict.
5.1-62. Estimates of the prevalence of PTSD
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-62
Page Ref: 147
Topic: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Skill: Factual
Answer: c. demonstrate that it is more commonly seen in women.
5.1-63. According to the text, PTSD:
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.1-63
Page Ref: 147
Topic: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Skill: Factual
Answer: c. has symptoms which tend to decrease with time in most people
5.1-64. A main symptom of PTSD in DSM-5 is
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.1-64
Page Ref: 148
Topic: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Skill: Factual
Answer: b. re-experiencing of the traumatic event.
5.1-65. In the DSM-5, PTSD will become a part of a new diagnostic category called ________.
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.1-65
Page Ref: 130, 146
Topic: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Skill: Factual
Answer: b. Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders
5.1-66. According to DSM-5, Acute stress disorder becomes PTSD when
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.1-66
Page Ref: 148
Topic: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Skill: Factual
Answer: c. the symptoms last for more than 4 weeks.
5.1-67. Approximately ____ percent of women develop PTSD over the course of their lives.
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-67
Page Ref: 148-149
Topic: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder/Prevalence of PTSD in the General Population
Skill: Factual
Answer: b. 10
5.1-68. According to your textbook, what percentage of Army soldiers and Marines in Iraq report that they have been attacked or ambushed?
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.1-68
Page Ref: 150
Topic: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Skill: Factual
Answer: d. 92%
5.1-69. What was not a result of the psychological stress following being a prisoner of war?
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-79
Page Ref: 151
Topic: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Skill: Factual
Answer: d. frequent alcohol or drug dependence
5.1-70. During WWII, the descriptors of the traumatic reactions seen to combat conditions
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-70
Page Ref: 150
Topic: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Skill: Applied
Answer: b. placed too much emphasis on physical exhaustion.
5.1-71. It is believed that the incidence of combat exhaustion during WWII has been
underestimated because
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-71
Page Ref: 150
Topic: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: b. many men were treated in the field and never formally diagnosed.
5.1-72. Combat exhaustion is known as ________ today.
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-72
Page Ref: 150
Topic: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Skill: Factual
Answer: c. PTSD
5.1-73. Why should we study the causal factors in PTSD, since we already know traumatic events cause it?
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-73
Page Ref: 152
Topic: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Skill: Factual
Answer: d. Because not everyone who is exposed to a trauma develops PTSD.
5.1-74. Why is there such a high likelihood of long-lasting psychological problems
resulting from active combat experiences?
Difficulty: 3
Question ID: 5.1-74
Page Ref: 149-150
Topic: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: c. Combat situations present highly stressful situations for which there may
be no truly effective coping mechanisms.
5.1-75. Feelings of control over stressors
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-75
Page Ref: 152
Topic: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Skill: Applied
Answer: b. can make a difference even for victims of torture if the person feels he or
she has some control, he or she tends to be less affected by the stressor over the long
term.
5.1-76. When POWs first return,
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-76
Page Ref: 151
Topic: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Skill: Applied
Answer: c. their relief and joy at being released often masks the traumas effects.
5.1-77. Which is an individual risk factor for developing PTSD?
Difficulty: 3
Question ID: 5.1-77
Page Ref: 153
Topic: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Skill: Factual
Answer: d. being neurotic
5.1-78. The impact of torture
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-78
Page Ref: 152
Topic: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Skill: Factual
Answer: c. can vary depending on if the torture was perceived as uncontrollable or not.
5.1-79. Having a history of psychological problems before going into combat
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-79
Page Ref: 150
Topic: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Skill: Factual
Answer:
5.1-80. Which of the following will lower a soldiers risk of developing PTSD?
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-80
Page Ref: 154
Topic: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Skill: Factual
Answer: b. believing strongly in the goals of the combat
5.1-81. Stress-inoculation training
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-81
Page Ref: 155-156
Topic: Prevention and Treatment of Stress Disorders
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: a. involves learning new ways to think about an anticipated threat, including what a person says to themselves
5.1-82. For which of the following would the use of stress-inoculation training be most effective?
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-82
Page Ref: 162
Topic: Prevention and Treatment of Stress Disorders
Skill: Applied
Answer: a. Preparing for chemotherapy
5.1-83. Stress-inoculation training
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-83
Page Ref: 155-156
Topic: Prevention and Treatment of Stress Disorders
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: c. is a form of cognitive preparation that can be used to minimize the impact
of an anticipated threat.
5.1-84. Based on occupation, which of the following would have the lowest rates of PTSD following rescue work during a major disaster?
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-84
Page Ref: 155
Topic: Prevention and Treatment of Stress Disorders
Skill: Factual
Answer: d. police officers removing the seriously injured from the site
5.1-85. Short-term crisis therapy
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.1-85
Page Ref: 157
Topic: Prevention and Treatment of Stress Disorders
Skill: Applied
Answer: c. begins with the assumption that the affected individual was functioning
well before the current crisis.
5.1-86. Arielle was in a terrible car accident in which several people were killed. A few weeks later, she began to talk about what happened. She told the story to anyone who would listen. This seems to be
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-86
Page Ref: 157
Topic: Prevention and Treatment of Stress Disorders
Skill: Applied
Answer: a. a way to reduce anxiety and desensitize herself to the experience.
5.1-87. Following a disaster, debriefing sessions
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.1-87
Page Ref: 157
Topic: Prevention and Treatment of Stress Disorders
Skill: Applied
Answer: a. provide those involved with a chance to share their feelings and concerns.
5.1-88. Which of the following would be an example of prolonged exposure?
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-88
Page Ref: 158
Topic: Prevention and Treatment of Stress Disorders
Skill: Applied
Answer: a. Mandy visited the accident site.
5.1-89. The psychotropic medications used in the treatment of PTSD
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-89
Page Ref: 157
Topic: Prevention and Treatment of Stress Disorders
Skill: Applied
Answer: d. treat the symptoms the client is experiencing.
5.1-90. Despite the many barriers to effectively researching the effectiveness of disaster responses, it has been found that
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-90
Page Ref: 159
Topic: Prevention and Treatment of Stress Disorders
Skill: Factual
Answer: c. cognitive therapy reduces the PTSD symptoms of the majority of those who are treated.
5.1-91. A significant drawback of the use of medication for PTSD is
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.1-91
Page Ref: 158
Topic: Prevention and Treatment of Stress Disorders
Skill: Factual
Answer: b. there is still some doubt about the extent of its effectiveness.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
5.21. The biological cost of adapting to stress is called the __________ .
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.2-1
Page Ref: 134
Topic: Stress and the Stress Response
Skill: Factual
Answer: allostatic load
5.2-2. ____________is having a persisting systolic blood pressure of 140 or more and a diastolic blood pressure of 90 or more.
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.2-2
Page Ref: 138
Topic: Cardiovascular Disease
Skill: Factual
Answer: Hypertension
5.2-3. A recent development in looking at personality in cardiovascular disease is
the __________ personality, which includes insecurity and anxiety.
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.2-3
Page Ref: 141
Topic: Cardiovascular Disease
Skill: Factual
Answer: Type D
5.2-4. The DSM-5 disorder that has symptoms of post-traumatic stress but lasts less than 4 weeks is __________ .
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.2-4
Page Ref: 148
Topic: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Skill: Factual
Answer: acute stress disorder
5.2-5. The outdated term shell shock is renamed __________ today.
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.2-5
Page Ref: 150
Topic: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Skill: Factual
Answer: post-traumatic stress disorder
5.2-6. The treatment that arranges for survivors to discuss their experiences with others is known as __________ .
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.2-6
Page Ref: 157
Topic: Prevention and Treatment of Stress Disorders
Skill: Factual
Answer: psychological debriefing
Short Answer Questions
5.3-1. What are two factors that predispose a person to have difficulty with stress?
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.3-1
Page Ref: 130-131
Topic: What Is Stress?
Skill: Applied
Answer: Factors predisposing a person to have difficulty dealing with stress include coping skills and the possession or lack of particular resources. Also including family members with depression, lower levels of optimism and psychological control, and the 5HT-TLPR gene, as well as early stress in
life.
5.3-2. How is the severity of stress measured?
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.3-2
Page Ref: 131
Topic: What Is Stress?
Skill: Factual
Answer: The severity of stress is measured by the degree to which it disrupts
functioning.
5.3-3. Discuss two of the aspects of the nature of stressors that can cause them to be highly stressful.
Difficulty: 3
Question ID: 5.3-3
Page Ref: 131
Topic: What Is Stress?
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: Two of: If they involve important aspects of ones life. The length of time a
stressor exists, the longer, the worse the effects. The cumulative effect of multiple small
stressors. Multiple stressors at one time. How closely involved someone is to a traumatic
situation.
5.3-4. What are two factors that can lessen the impact of a stressful situation?
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.3-4
Page Ref: 132
Topic: What Is Stress?
Skill: Applied
Answer: Many possible choices understanding the nature of the situation, preparing
for the stressful situation, perceiving that there may be some benefit, perceiving that one
has control, feeling able to handle the event, having adequate social support, etc.
5.3-5. What is a risk factor?
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.3-5
Page Ref: 140
Topic: Stress and Physical Health
Skill: Factual
Answer: Anything that increases the likelihood of a specific and usually negative
outcome occurring at a later point in time.
5.3-6. What is the allostatic load?
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.3-6
Page Ref: 134
Topic: Stress and the Stress Response
Skill: Factual
Answer: The biological cost of adapting to stress.
5.3-7. List four symptoms of PTSD.
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.3-7
Page Ref: 146
Topic: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Skill: Factual
Answer: The symptoms of PTSD are numerous and varied. They include nightmares,
intrusive thoughts, irritability, insomnia, depression, and anxiety.
5.3-8. What are some of the reasons why political activists who were tortured were less affected by PTSD long term?
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.3-8
Page Ref: 152
Topic: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Skill: Applied
Answer: Prior knowledge of, and preparedness for, torture, strong commitment to a cause, immunization against traumatic stress as a result of repeated exposure, and strong social supports have protective value against PTSD in survivors of torture.
5.3-9. Why are uncontrollable stressors especially difficult to deal with?
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 5.3-9
Page Ref: 132
Topic: What Is Stress?
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: If a stressor is not controllable, there is no way to minimize its impact.
5.3-10. What is stress-inoculation training?
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 5.3-10
Page Ref: 155-156
Topic: Prevention and Treatment of Stress Disorders
Skill: Factual
Answer: This is a means of preparing one to deal with an anticipated event. It involved
learning and practicing new ways of coping with the event. It migh
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