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Anatomy & Physiology 8th Edition by Kevin T. Patton, Gary A. Thibodeau Test Bank
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Anatomy & Physiology 8th Edition by Kevin T. Patton, Gary A. Thibodeau Test Bank
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Anatomy & Physiology 8th Edition by Kevin T. Patton, Gary A. Thibodeau Test Bank
Patton: Anatomy and Physiology, 8th Edition
Chapter 02-A: The Chemical Basis of Life
Test Bank
TRUE/FALSE
- Biochemistry involves the chemical makeup of living organisms and the underlying process of life activities.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 34
TOP: Introduction
- The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom determines its atomic mass.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 36
TOP: Atomic Number and Atomic Mass
- The positively charged electrons are found in clouds outside the nucleus of an atom.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 36
TOP: Atomic Structure
- Two shared pairs of electrons represent a single covalent bond.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 39 TOP: Covalent Bonds
- The digestion of food is an example of a decomposition reaction.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 41
TOP: Chemical Reactions
- The number and arrangement of electrons orbiting in an atoms outer shell determine its chemical activity.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 37 TOP: Energy Levels
- An atom is chemically inert if its outermost shell has two pairs of electrons.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 37 TOP: Energy Levels
- An isotope of an element contains the same number of neutrons but different numbers of protons.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 37
TOP: Isotopes
- Electrovalent and ionic bonds are the same.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 38
TOP: Ionic Bonds
- Radiation results from the breaking apart of the nucleus of an atom.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 38
TOP: Radioactivity
- Radioactivity can cause an atom of one element to change to that of another element.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 38
TOP: Radioactivity
- Gamma radiation has less mass than alpha or beta radiation.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 38 TOP: Radioactivity
- A substance that resists changes in pH when acids or bases are added is called a buffer.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 45 TOP: Buffers
- The chemical reaction of an acid with a base will produce a salt and water.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 45 TOP: Salts
- Water acts as a very effective solvent.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 43
TOP: Water
- Electrolytes include acids, bases, and salts.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 44
TOP: Electrolytes
- By definition, inorganic compounds do not contain carbon.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 42
TOP: Organic and Inorganic Compounds
- Electrolytes are characterized by having either a positive or a negative charge.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 44
TOP: Electrolytes
- Acids are electrolytes that produce OH+ ions.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 44
TOP: Acids
- pH is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 44
TOP: The pH Scale
- Proteins are the most abundant of the carbon-containing compounds in the body.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 51
TOP: Proteins
- Glycogen and starch are both examples of polysaccharides.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 46
TOP: Disaccharides and Polysaccharides
- There are a total of 21 essential amino acids.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 52
TOP: Amino Acids
- Steroids are often called tissue hormones.
ANS: F DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 50 TOP: Steroids
- DNA molecules are the largest molecules in the body.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 56
TOP: Nucleic Acids
- Adenine and thymine are referred to as purine bases, which are important constituents of a DNA molecule.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 56
TOP: Nucleic Acids
- Metabolism includes the processes of both anabolism and catabolism.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 41
TOP: Metabolism
- The ability of proteins to perform their function depends on their shape.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 54
TOP: Levels of Protein Structure
- Enzymes are proteins that function by the lock-and-key theory.
ANS: T DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 54
TOP: Levels of Protein Structure
- ATP is broken down in an anabolic reaction.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 41|Page 42
TOP: Catabolism
- Catabolism and anabolism are major types of metabolic activity.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 41
TOP: Metabolism
- Sodium chloride is an example of an ionic bond.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 38 TOP: Ionic Bonds
- The digestion of food is an example of a synthesis reaction.
ANS: F DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 40
TOP: Chemical Reactions
- The pH scale indicates the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 44
TOP: Acids and Bases
- Litmus paper will turn red in the presence of a base.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 44
TOP: Acids and Bases
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is also called the bad cholesterol.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 51 (Box 2-2)
TOP: Blood Lipoproteins
- The nonessential amino acids cannot be produced from the other amino acids or from simple organic molecules.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 52
TOP: Amino Acids
- The atomic mass of an atom is equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 36
TOP: Atomic Number and Atomic Mass
- The mass of a proton is almost exactly equal to the mass of an electron.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 36
TOP: Atomic Number and Atomic Mass
- Hydrogen will react with other atoms to get 8 electrons in its outer energy level.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 37 TOP: Energy Levels
- A double covalent bond involves the sharing of 2 electrons.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 39 TOP: Covalent Bonds
- Synthesis reactions release energy for use by the cell.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 40
TOP: Chemical Reactions
- Electrolytes dissociate to form ions.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 44 TOP: Electrolytes
- As the hydrogen ion concentration increases, the pH value increases.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 44 TOP: Acids and Bases
- Sugars and starches are both considered to be carbohydrates.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 46
TOP: Carbohydrates
- Glucose is a hexose and ribose is a pentose.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 46
TOP: Carbohydrates
- Nonessential amino acids are rarely used in the making of proteins in the human body.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 52 TOP: Amino Acids
- Fats, steroids, and prostaglandins are all considered lipids.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 48
TOP: Lipids
- Fats are composed of three fatty acids joined to a molecule of glycerol.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 48
TOP: Triglycerides or Fats
- Saturated fats are more likely than unsaturated fats to be liquid at room temperature.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 48
TOP: Triglycerides or Fats
- Phospholipids have a fat-soluble end and a water-soluble end.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 49|Page 50
TOP: Phospholipids
- Prostaglandins are associated with the prostate gland and therefore are not found in women.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 50 TOP: Prostaglandins
- Chemistry can be defined as the science that deals with the structure, arrangement, and composition of substances and the reactions they undergo.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 34
TOP: Introduction
- The nucleus of the atom will always have a positive charge.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 36 TOP: Atomic Structure
- If an atom has an atomic number of 12 and an atomic mass of 25, it must have 13 neutrons.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 36
TOP: Atomic Number and Atomic Mass
- Consider an atom that has an atomic mass of 18. For it to be electrically neutral, it must have 18 electrons.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 36
TOP: Atomic Structure, Atomic Number, and Atomic Mass
- Atoms become positively charged by gaining protons.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 38
TOP: Ionic Bonds
- Inorganic compounds do not play an important role in living systems.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 42
TOP: Organic and Inorganic Compounds
- Acids release protons in solution.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 44
TOP: Acids
- A denatured protein has lost its functional shape.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 54
TOP: Proteins
- RNA never exists in a double-stranded form.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 57
TOP: DNA and RNA
- Glycoproteins contain both a fat molecule and a protein molecule.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 59
TOP: Combined Forms
- The aliveness of a living organism depends on the mixture of elements of which it is made.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 35
TOP: Elements and Compounds
- Four elements are considered to be the major elements in the body.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 35
TOP: Elements and Compounds
- Dalton named the atom after the Greek word for invisible.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 36
TOP: Atoms
- A neutral atom that has 22 protons must have 22 electrons.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 36 TOP: Atoms
- A neutral atom that has 22 protons must have 22 neutrons.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 36 TOP: Atoms
- A neutral atom that has 22 protons could have 25 neutrons.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 36 TOP: Atoms
- Oxygen has 8 electrons, but only 6 of them are in its outermost energy level.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 37 TOP: Energy Levels
- Hydrogen bonds between atoms do not form molecules or compounds.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 40
TOP: Attraction Between Molecules
- According to the general formula, in synthesis reactions, the number of reactants is usually greater than the number of products.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 40
TOP: Chemical Reactions
- According to the general formula, in decomposition reactions, the number of reactants is usually greater than the number of products.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 41
TOP: Chemical Reactions
- According to the general formula, in exchange reactions, the number of reactants and the number of products are usually equal.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 41
TOP: Chemical Reactions
- A solution with a pH of 6 has 100 times more hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 4.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 44 TOP: The pH Scale
- A solution with a pH of 3 has 100 times more hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 5.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 44 TOP: The pH Scale
- A sucrose molecule is formed by the synthesis reaction between glucose and fructose.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 46
TOP: Disaccharides and Polysaccharides
- The quaternary structure of a protein contains more than one polypeptide chain.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 53
TOP: Levels of Protein Structure
- Both phospholipids and steroids are found in cell membranes.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 49|Page 50
TOP: Phospholipids and Steroids
- Steroids are the only lipid that contains a ring structure.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 50
TOP: Prostaglandins
- Nucleotides are used to make only RNA or DNA molecules.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 57
TOP: Nucleotides and Related Molecules
- The distance between the sugar-phosphate structures in a DNA molecule is equal to the distance of one purine and one pyrimidine molecule.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 56|Page 57
TOP: Nucleic Acids and Related Molecules
- When ATP is in short supply, muscles can use creatine phosphate for extra energy.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 58
TOP: Nucleotides and Related Molecules
- Because oxygen has 8 electrons, it has achieved its octet and will not react with other elements.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 37 TOP: Energy Levels
- Both triglycerides and prostaglandins can contain unsaturated fat.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 48|Page 50
TOP: Triglycerides and Prostaglandins
- Trace elements in the body make up about 1% of the body weight.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 35
TOP: Elements and Compounds
- The atomic number of an atom determines its identity.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 36
TOP: Atomic Number and Mass Number
- An ionic bond forms crystals whereas a covalent bond forms molecules.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 38|Page 39
TOP: Ionic Bonds and Covalent Bonds
- Electrons surround the nucleus of an atom in areas of probability rather than in defined orbits.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 37
TOP: Energy Levels
- The idea that electrons are found in areas of probability distribution around the nucleus was first proposed by Niels Bohr.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 37
TOP: Energy Levels
- The term atomic weight refers to the average mass number for a particular element based on the typical proportions of different isotopes found in nature.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 38
TOP: Isotopes
- A molecule can be an element or a compound.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 38
TOP: Attraction Between Atoms-Chemical Bonds
- There cannot be an electrically neutral ion.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 38 TOP: Ionic Bonds
- Ions gain or lose electrons to try to attain four pairs of electrons in their outermost energy level.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 38
TOP: Ionic Bonds
- Hydrogen bonds form as a result of the attraction between polar molecules.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 39
TOP: Hydrogen Bonds
- In a formula for a chemical reaction, the substances on the right of the arrow are referred to as products.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 40
TOP: Chemical Reactions
- A type of chemical reaction called hydrolysis is an example of an anabolic reaction.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 41
TOP: Catabolism
- During catabolic reactions, some of the energy is released as heat to help keep the body warm.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 41
TOP: Catabolism
- A type of chemical reaction called dehydration synthesis is an example of an anabolic reaction.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 42
TOP: Anabolism
- A few inorganic compounds contain both C-C bonds but no inorganic compound has a C-H bond.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 42
TOP: Organic and Inorganic Compounds
- Fifty percent or more of a normal adults body weight is water.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 42
TOP: Water
- One of the functions of water in the body is that of helping to maintain a constant body temperature.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 43
TOP: Properties of Water
- One function of carbon dioxide is to help maintain proper pH balance in the body.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 44
TOP: Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
- A substance that releases an OH ion in solution is called a base.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 44
TOP: Bases
- A solution containing the same number of H+ ions and OH ions would have a pH of zero.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 44 TOP: The pH Scale
- The three most common disaccharidessucrose, lactose, and maltoseeach contain at least one molecule of glucose.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 46
TOP: Disaccharides and Polysaccharides
- A saturated fat is saturated with hydrogen atoms.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 48
TOP: Types of Fatty Acids
- A triglyceride is composed of a glycerol molecule and three of the same type of fatty acid.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 49
TOP: Formation of Triglycerides
- The body uses the steroid cholesterol to make hormones.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 50
TOP: Steroids
- Proteins can be divided into functional proteins and structural proteins.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 51
TOP: Proteins
- Amino acids get their name because they have an amino group (NH3+) and an acid group (COO).
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 52
TOP: Amino Acids
- When two amino acids are joined, a peptide bond is formed and an H+ ion is released.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 52
TOP: Amino Acids
- The joining of amino acids in a peptide bond is an example of the process of hydrolysis.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 52
TOP: Amino Acids
- Chaperone proteins assist in the proper folding of other proteins so they can have the correct functional shape.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 53
TOP: Levels of Protein Structure
- RNA and DNA have the same pyrimidine bases but different purine bases.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 56
TOP: DNA and RNA
- The function of transfer RNA is to select and adhere to a specific amino acid and place it in the correct sequence in the primary protein strand.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 57
TOP: DNA and RNA
- If one side of the DNA molecule was CCTAGGC, the opposite side of the molecule would be CCTAGGC.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization &nbs
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