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Atmosphere The An Introduction to Meteorology 12Th Ed By Frederick K. Lutgens Test Bank
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Atmosphere The An Introduction to Meteorology 12Th Ed By Frederick K. Lutgens Test Bank
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Atmosphere The An Introduction to Meteorology 12Th Ed By Frederick K. Lutgens Test Bank
The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology, 12e (Lutgens/Tarbuck/Tasa)
Chapter 2 Heating Earths Surface and Atmosphere
1) Earths perihelion:
- A) coincides with the summer solstice.
- B) would not exist if the earths orbit were circular.
- C) coincides with the winter solstice.
- D) occurs when the earth is farthest from the Sun.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 36
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
2) Earth is closest to the Sun during:
- A) Northern hemisphere autumn.
- B) Southern hemisphere autumn.
- C) Southern hemisphere winter.
- D) Northern hemisphere winter.
- E) Northern hemisphere summer.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 36
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
3) Early in January the earth is closer to the Sun than at any other time of year. This position is termed:
- A) equinox.
- B) perihelion.
- C) aphelion.
- D) albedo.
- E) revolution.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 36
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
4) Low sun angles result in reduced solar energy because:
- A) energy is spread over a larger area.
- B) Sun Earth distance is greater.
- C) absorption is reduced.
- D) day lengths are shorter.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 37
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
5) Over the course of this year, the tilt of Earths polar axis will:
- A) remains constant at 90 degrees.
- B) vary from 0 to 23.5 degrees.
- C) vary from 0 to 47 degrees.
- D) remain constant at 23.5 degrees.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 38
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
6) Flagstaff, AZ is at 35 degrees N latitude. What is the angle of the Suns noon rays here on March 21?
- A) 35 degrees
- B) 55 degrees
- C) 47 degrees
- D) 0 degrees
Answer: B
Page Ref: 39
Blooms Taxonomy: Apply
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
7) The 90 degrees angle rays strike the Tropic of Cancer on:
- A) June 21.
- B) March 21.
- C) September 22.
- D) December 21.
- E) July 4.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 39
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
8) Which of the following correctly describes the equinoxes?
- A) The length of daylight at the Arctic and Antarctic Circle is 24 hours.
- B) The Suns vertical rays are striking either the Tropic of Cancer or the Tropic of Capricorn.
- C) Days and nights are equal in length in all parts of the world.
- D) They occur in June and December.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 40
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
9) At 45 degrees S latitude, the angle of the noon Sun is lowest and the length of daylight is shortest on:
- A) December 21.
- B) January 23.
- C) June 21.
- D) March 21.
- E) September 22.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 40
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
10) The first day of the climatological season of summer is:
- A) June 1.
- B) June 21.
- C) July 1.
- D) July 4 (perihelion).
Answer: A
Page Ref: 40
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
11) Which of the following associations is INCORRECT?
- A) aphelion Earth furthest from the sun
- B) vernal equinox equal day/equal night
- C) summer solstice solar declination at the Tropic of Cancer
- D) autumnal equinox shortest day of the year for the Arctic Circle
Answer: D
Page Ref: 40
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
12) The spring equinox in the Northern Hemisphere occurs on approximately:
- A) June 21.
- B) March 21.
- C) September 22.
- D) December 21.
- E) January 3.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 40
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
13) At what time of year is the earths axis not tilted either toward or away from the Sun?
- A) autumnal equinox
- B) winter solstice
- C) summer solstice
- D) perihelion
- E) aphelion
Answer: A
Page Ref: 40
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
14) The length of daylight gets progressively longer going south from the equator on:
- A) June 21.
- B) December 21.
- C) September 22.
- D) March 21.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 41
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
15) New York City has its greatest length of daylight on:
- A) March 21.
- B) September 22.
- C) June 21.
- D) December 21.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 41
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
16) During the spring equinox in the northern hemisphere, the circle of illumination passes directly through the:
- A) equator.
- B) Tropic of Capricorn.
- C) poles.
- D) Tropic of Cancer.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 41
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
17) The date that the Sun sets at the North Pole is:
- A) June 21.
- B) March 21.
- C) December 21.
- D) September 22.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 41
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
18) The date that the Sun rises at the North Pole is:
- A) January 3.
- B) June 21.
- C) March 21.
- D) September 22.
- E) December 21.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 41
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
19) The longest day of the year in the United States occurs on:
- A) June 21.
- B) March 3.
- C) November 18.
- D) December 4.
- E) September 30.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 41
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
20) The primary cause of Earths seasons is:
- A) changes in atmospheric thickness.
- B) varying orbital speed.
- C) tilt of Earths rotation axis, which causes sun angles and daylight length to vary.
- D) regular changes in radiation emitted by the Sun.
- E) varying distance from the Sun, which changes how much radiation Earth receives from the Sun.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 42
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
21) The energy associated with motion is called:
- A) kinetic energy.
- B) potential energy.
- C) vibrational energy.
- D) molecular motion energy.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 43
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
22) During natural processes, heat transfer is always from:
- A) warmer to cooler substances.
- B) cooler to warmer substances.
- C) solids to liquids.
- D) gases to solids.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 44
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
23) Heat:
- A) is a measure of the average kinetic energy possessed by molecules.
- B) is synonymous with temperature.
- C) is a transfer of energy from areas with high temperatures to those with low temperatures.
- D) measures the total kinetic energy in a substance.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 44
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
24) The two types of heat recognized by meteorologists are:
- A) latent heat and sensible heat.
- B) latent heat and kinetic heat.
- C) kinetic heat and radiative heat.
- D) sensible heat and conductive heat.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 44
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
25) The process of ________ involves the movement or circulation of a mass or substance.
- A) radiation
- B) conduction
- C) convection
Answer: C
Page Ref: 45
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
26) The transfer of heat through matter by molecular collisions is called:
- A) conduction.
- B) radiation.
- C) convection.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 45
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
27) The longest wavelengths on the electromagnetic spectrum are:
- A) gamma.
- B) ultraviolet.
- C) infrared.
- D) radio.
- E) visible light.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 46
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
28) The earth receives energy from the Sun by:
- A) convection.
- B) radiation.
- C) conduction.
- D) scattering.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 46
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
29) Wind is an example of:
- A) advection.
- B) conduction.
- C) radiation.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 46
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
30) Thermals and advection are both types of:
- A) conduction
- B) radiation.
- C) convection.
- D) transmission.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 46
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
31) Wavelengths of the visible spectrum are between:
- A) 0.4 and 0.7 meters.
- B) 0.25 and 2.5 micrometers.
- C) 0.4 and 0.7 micrometers.
- D) 4 and 7 micrometers.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 46
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
32) In meteorological terminology, the primary difference between convection and advection is:
- A) Convection represents vertical heat transfer and advection represents horizontal heat transfer.
- B) Convection represents horizontal heat transfer and advection represents vertical heat transfer.
- C) Convection represents upper atmosphere heat transfer and advection represents surface heat transfer.
- D) Convection represents surface heat transfer and advection represents upper atmosphere heat transfer.
- E) None of the above; the terms are used interchangeably.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 46
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
33) The wavelengths emitted by the earth are:
- A) shorter than those emitted by the Sun.
- B) longer than those emitted by the Sun.
- C) ultraviolet.
- D) about the same as those emitted by the Sun except when the Sun is experiencing sunspots.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 47
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
34) The type of energy that is responsible for sunburn is:
- A) infrared energy.
- B) ultraviolet energy.
- C) gamma ray energy.
- D) microwave energy.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 47
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 15: Physical Systems Affect Human Systems
35) The earth emits terrestrial radiation:
- A) only over the continents.
- B) all the time.
- C) only at night.
- D) only during winter.
- E) only during the day.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 47
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
36) Most of the radiation emitted by the earth and its atmosphere is in the category of:
- A) x-rays.
- B) ultraviolet.
- C) gamma.
- D) infrared.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 47
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
37) Radiation is intercepted in the atmosphere and its wavelength is measured at 1.0 micrometers. This radiation was most likely emitted by:
- A) the Earth.
- B) a cloud.
- C) the atmosphere.
- D) the Sun.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 47
Blooms Taxonomy: Apply
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
38) Objects with higher temperatures:
- A) emit only shortwave radiation.
- B) emit more shortwave radiation than cooler objects do.
- C) emit most of their energy in the form of longwave energy.
- D) radiate less total energy than cooler objects radiate.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 48
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
| E =
|
39) The equation shown above mathematically represents the:
- A) Wiens Displacement Law.
- B) Stefan-Boltzmann Law.
- C) Surface Albedo calculation.
- D) Radiation Displacement Theory.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 48
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
40) The Stefan-Boltzmann Law states that:
- A) the rate of radiation emitted by a body is based on its size.
- B) the wavelength of radiation emitted by a body is determined by its temperature.
- C) all bodies emit equivalent wavelengths of energy, regardless of size or temperature.
- D) the rate of radiation emitted by a body is proportional to the fourth power of its temperature.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 48
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
| = C/T
|
41) In the equation for Wiens Displacement Law (shown above), the stands for:
- A) a radiating bodys wavelength of maximum emission.
- B) a radiating bodys maximum rate of energy emission.
- C) the maximum temperature associated with a given energy wavelength.
- D) the value of Wiens constant associated with a given energy wavelength.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 48
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
42) The temperature of a pool of lava is measured at 1275 K. Given a Wiens constant value of 2898 mK, what is the wavelength of maximum emission from the lava?
- A) 149838.63 m
- B) 2.273 m
- C) 0.213 m
- D) The answer cannot be determined from the information given.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 48
Blooms Taxonomy: Apply
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
43) The temperature of a cloud is measured at 280 K. Given the Stefan-Boltzmann constant of 5.67 10-8, what is the rate of radiation emitted by the cloud?
- A) 349 W/m2
- B) 10.4 W/m2
- C) 4.9 10-8 W/m2
- D) The information cannot be determined with the information given.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 48
Blooms Taxonomy: Apply
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
44) The primary factor which determines what type and how much radiation an object emits is its
- A) color.
- B) conductivity.
- C) size.
- D) density.
- E) temperature.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 48
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
45) The UV Index can tell you:
- A) the expected rate of skin cancer occurrence in a given city.
- B) the relative change in UV production during a severe solar wind event.
- C) the approximate time it will take you to sunburn on a given day, based on your skin type.
- D) what percent of Earths radiation is emitted as UV radiation.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 49
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 15: Physical Systems Affect Human Systems
46) Suppose the albedo of a planet is measured to be 40 percent. This means that:
- A) 60 percent of the Suns energy is reflected.
- B) 40 percent of the Suns energy is absorbed.
- C) 40 percent of the Suns energy is reflected.
- D) more energy is reflected than absorbed.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 50
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
47) On the average, how much of the Suns energy that is intercepted by the earth system is reflected to space?
- A) 19 percent
- B) 30 percent
- C) 25 percent
- D) 45 percent
- E) 51 percent
Answer: B
Page Ref: 50
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
48) Most of the solar energy absorbed by planet Earth and its atmosphere is absorbed by:
- A) atmospheric dust.
- B) the earths surface.
- C) clouds.
- D) atmospheric gases.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 50
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
49) Which of the following does NOT happen to solar radiation as it passes through the atmosphere?
- A) Intensification
- B) Scattering
- C) Transmission
- D) Absorption
Answer: A
Page Ref: 50
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
50) Clouds are most likely to ________ incoming solar radiation.
- A) conduct
- B) transmit
- C) reflect
- D) absorb
Answer: C
Page Ref: 50
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
51) During reflection,
- A) radiation is separated into several groups of weaker rays that travel in different directions.
- B) radiation retains the same intensity but bounces back from the surface at a random angle.
- C) a portion of radiation is absorbed by the surface and the rest bounces off of the surface.
- D) radiation retains the same intensity and bounces back at the same angle with which it struck the surface.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 51
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
52) Of the following choices, the surface with the HIGHEST albedo is:
- A) fresh snow.
- B) grass.
- C) sand.
- D) water (Sun near zenith).
- E) thin cloud.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 51
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
53) Scattering:
- A) prevents nearly half of incoming solar radiation from reaching the surface of the earth.
- B) changes the wavelength of light.
- C) is responsible for the redness of sunsets.
- D) is the primary mechanism of heat transfer in the atmosphere.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 52
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
54) Crepuscular rays:
- A) are emitted by objects with very low temperatures.
- B) are usually tinted blue.
- C) occur only when no clouds, haze, or dust particles are present in the atmosphere.
- D) occur when water droplets scatter all wavelengths of sunlight equally.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 52
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
55) Which of the following gases does not absorb any portion of incoming solar radiation?
- A) nitrogen
- B) oxygen
- C) ozone
- D) water vapor
Answer: A
Page Ref: 53
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
56) The atmosphere is strongly ________ with respect to terrestrial radiation.
- A) absorptive
- B) reflective
- C) transparent
- D) conductive
Answer: A
Page Ref: 53
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
57) The atmosphere is highly ________ with respect to solar radiation.
- A) absorptive
- B) transparent
- C) reflective
- D) conductive
Answer: B
Page Ref: 53
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
58) Which of the following gases is the best absorber of ultraviolet light?
- A) nitrogen dioxide
- B) water vapor
- C) carbon dioxide
- D) oxygen
- E) carbon monoxide
Answer: D
Page Ref: 53
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
59) The atmosphere is ________ to terrestrial radiation that has a wavelength between 8 and 11 micrometers.
- A) reflective
- B) absorptive
- C) conductive
- D) transparent
Answer: D
Page Ref: 54
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
60) The atmosphere is heated primarily by:
- A) absorption of Earths longwave radiation.
- B) absorption of solar radiation.
- C) conduction from the ground.
- D) convection from the ground.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 54
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
61) Clouds play an important role in the earths energy budget because they:
- A) absorb longwave radiation and re-radiate it towards the surface.
- B) cool the air around them.
- C) reflect solar energy.
- D) reflect the earths infrared energy.
- E) Both A and C
Answer: E
Page Ref: 54
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
62) When encountering terrestrial longwave radiation, clouds are most likely to ________ it.
- A) transmit
- B) scatter
- C) reflect
- D) absorb
Answer: D
Page Ref: 54
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
63) The absorption of longwave radiation by certain gases in the lower atmosphere is responsible for:
- A) photon effect.
- B) greenhouse effect.
- C) atmospheric window effect.
- D) adiabatic effect.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 54
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
64) An astronomer tells you that he has discovered a new planet that he calls Planet X. All he knows about Planet X so far is that it has a very dense atmosphere with a temperature approximately 5 times warmer than that of Earth. What hypothesis can you reasonably make regarding the atmosphere of Planet X?
- A) The atmosphere of Planet X must not contain any oxygen, so people couldnt live there.
- B) Planet X cannot contain water in any form.
- C) The nitrogen cycle does not operate on Planet X in the same way it does on Earth.
- D) The atmosphere of Planet X has a higher concentration of greenhouse gases than Earths does.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 55
Blooms Taxonomy: Apply
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
65) If an imbalance occurs between incoming and outgoing energy at the earths surface,
- A) temperatures remain steady.
- B) maximum temperatures occur.
- C) minimum temperatures occur.
- D) temperatures either increase or decrease.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 56
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
66) Which of the following describes the role played by the water cycle in determining the earths heat budget?
- A) has no significant role
- B) transfers heat from atmosphere to space
- C) transfers heat from atmosphere to surface
- D) transfers heat from surface to atmosphere
Answer: D
Page Ref: 56
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
67) An analemma is best used to determine:
- A) the distance between the sun and the earth on any day of the year.
- B) the tilt of Earths axis on any day of the year.
- C) the solar declination on any day of the year.
- D) solar altitude at any given time of the day.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 63
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
68) Based on the analemma above, what is the approximate location of the solar declination on August 26?
- A) 10 N
- B) 10 S
- C) 23.5 N
- D) 18N
Answer: A
Page Ref: 63
Blooms Taxonomy: Apply
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
69) Using the analemma above, calculate the noon Sun angle for a latitude of 40 N on February 14. Choose the correct answer below.
- A) 15
- B) 0
- C) 47
- D) 63
Answer: D
Page Ref: 63
Blooms Taxonomy: Apply
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
70) Perihelion occurs during the Northern Hemispheres winter.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 36
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
71) Seasonal temperature variations are due primarily to the changing distance between the earth and the Sun.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 36
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
72) Low sun angles are associated with longer atmospheric path lengths.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 37
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
73) The North Pole remains pointed towards the sun at all times, regardless of where the Earth is in its orbit.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 38
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
74) The earths axis is not perpendicular to the plane of its orbit around the Sun.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 38
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
75) Sun angle is the angular distance from the observers horizon to the Sun at noon.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 39
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
76) The equator receives vertical rays from the Sun year round.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 40
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
77) In Australia, the summer solstice occurs a few days before Christmas.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 40
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
78) The Sun rises at the South Pole on September 22.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 41
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
79) Fairbanks, Alaska, has more hours of daylight in June than Miami, Florida.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 41
Blooms Taxonomy: Apply
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
80) A change in the temperature of an object signifies that its heat (or energy) content is stable.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 44
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
81) Heat transfer by convection in the atmosphere is usually downward, from air to ground.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 45
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
82) Meteorologically, conduction is the most important mechanism of heat transfer.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 45
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
83) Advection refers to vertical convection motions.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 46
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
84) Microwaves have the shortest wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 46
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
85) Conduction in the oceans redistributes most of the extra heat from the equatorial regions to the polar regions.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 46
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
86) When an object absorbs radiant energy, its temperature increases.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 47
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
87) All objects emit radiation.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 47
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
88) Visible light comprises more than half of the total solar energy.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 47
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
89) Although electromagnetic radiation is described with a variety of names and wavelengths, it is all fundamentally similar in behavior.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 47
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
90) The primary reason why planet Earth radiates much less energy than the Sun is because of its much smaller size.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 48
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
91) The higher the temperature of a radiating body, the shorter the wavelength of maximum radiation.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 48
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
92) As an object cools, the wavelengths of its maximum radiation shorten.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 48
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
93) Snow-covered surfaces have a low albedo.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 51
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
94) A 300-meter-thick cloud cover can reflect no more than 14 percent of incoming solar radiation.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 51
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
95) Water vapor accounts for the majority of atmospheric warming in the lower troposphere.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 54
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
96) The troposphere warms as a direct result of shortwave energy passing into it.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 54
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
97) Deserts experience cool nighttime temperatures because of a weaker greenhouse effect.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 54
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
98) Distance variations between the earth and the Sun are extremely important in understanding seasonal temperature variations.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 54
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
99) The atmosphere is heated chiefly by radiation emitted from the earths surface.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 54
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
100) More solar energy is reflected back to space than is absorbed directly by the atmosphere.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 54
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
101) The atmosphere of Venus is composed primarily of carbon dioxide.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 55
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
102) The intensity of the Suns rays at a place is determined by the time of year and the ________ of the place.
Answer: latitude
Page Ref: 42
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
103) ________ is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the individual atoms or molecules in a substance.
Answer: Temperature
Page Ref: 44
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
104) During a cold winter, snow can provide a useful shelter material for animals and humans because of its low ________.
Answer: conductivity
Page Ref: 45
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
105) The wavelengths of energy that can be detected by the human eye are called ________.
Answer: visible light
Page Ref: 46
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
106) What contributes the greatest amount of reflection to Earths total albedo?
Answer: clouds
Page Ref: 50
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
107) The fraction of the total radiation encountered that is reflected by a surface is called its ________.
Answer: albedo
Page Ref: 50
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
108) The blue color of the sky is due to ________ of light.
Answer: scattering
Page Ref: 51
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
109) The brightness of the daytime sky is due to ________ of light.
Answer: scattering
Page Ref: 51
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
110) Light that is scattered and eventually reaches the earths surface after having its direction changed is called ________.
Answer: diffused light
Page Ref: 51
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
111) Part of the cause of the greenhouse effect is the near ________ of the atmosphere to solar radiation.
Answer: transparency
Page Ref: 54
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
112) What energy transfer process is the most important in the transfer of energy from the earths surface into the atmosphere?
Answer: radiation
Page Ref: 56
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
113) You are building a new home in a climate where there is a persistent snow cover for the 6 coldest months of the year. In order to improve your energy efficiency, should you choose light colored shingles or dark colored shingles? Justify your answer using appropriate terminology.
Answer: While students might jump to the answer of dark shingles in order to help the roof absorb sunlight and thus be warmer in the winter, when energy bills are likely to be higher, the key is to remember the persistent snow cover. In an area with persistent winter snow cover, most roofs have an albedo above 90% all winter long because they are covered with snow. This is particularly true of new construction that is completed with good insulation in the attic, preventing heat loss to the roof. Therefore, the shingle color is most likely to play a role in the energy balance of a home during the summer when it is actually visible and interacting with incoming solar radiation. In that case, the lighter shingle is the better choice, as its higher albedo will ensure that the roof reflects a greater percentage of incoming solar radiation and stays cooler as a result.
Page Ref: 51
Blooms Taxonomy: Analyze
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology, 12e (Lutgens/Tarbuck/Tasa)
Chapter 16 Optical Phenomena of the Atmosphere
1) Reflection, refraction and diffraction all cause light to change its:
- A) direction.
- B) frequency.
- C) intensity.
- D) color.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 449-450, 460
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
2) The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of ________.
- A) refraction
- B) reflection
- C) interference
- D) dispersion
- E) diffraction
Answer: B
Page Ref: 449
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
3) Before sunlight interacts with the atmosphere, it is this color.
- A) violet
- B) white
- C) blue
- D) yellow
- E) red
Answer: B
Page Ref: 449
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
4) ________ light allows you to see yourself in a mirror.
- A) Reflected
- B) Refracted
- C) Iridescent
- D) Infrared
Answer: A
Page Ref: 449
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
5) The law of ________ states that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
- A) refraction
- B) reflection
- C) interference
- D) light
Answer: B
Page Ref: 449
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
6) When light encounters a rough surface, the rays will strike the surface at ________ angle(s), which tends to ________ the light rays.
- A) one; limit
- B) different; limit
- C) one; scatter
- D) different; scatter
Answer: D
Page Ref: 449
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
7) ________ occurs when light that is traveling through a transparent material reaches the opposite surface and is reflected back into the transparent material.
- A) External refraction
- B) External reflection
- C) Internal refraction
- D) Internal reflection
Answer: D
Page Ref: 449
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
8) The phenomenon that results from the speed of light changing as it passes into different substances is:
- A) internal reflection.
- B) interference.
- C) refraction.
- D) reflection.
- E) diffraction.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 450
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
9) When light is refracted, the degree of bending is determined in part by:
- A) the total change in velocity as the light passes from one medium to the next.
- B) the distance the light has traveled from its source.
- C) the temperature of the refracting medium.
- D) the length of time the light takes to travel through the refracting medium.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 450
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
10) Light bends because of a change in the ________.
- A) weight
- B) amplitude
- C) temperature
- D) velocity
Answer: D
Page Ref: 450
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
11) The speed of light in space (between the Sun and Earth) is
- A) fastest for blue light.
- B) fastest for ultraviolet light.
- C) fastest for violet light.
- D) fastest for red light.
- E) same for all colors.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 450
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
12) If light enters a transparent medium at a right angle (perpendicular), what change occurs to the light?
- A) It is reflected rather than entering the medium.
- B) Both its direction and velocity are altered.
- C) Only its direction is changed.
- D) Only its velocity is changed.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 451
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
13) The property of light that causes your arm to look bent when it is submerged in water is called:
- A) reflection.
- B) refraction.
- C) dispersion.
- D) interference.
- E) diffraction.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 451
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
14) When light passes from water into air, it bends:
- A) away from the perpendicular.
- B) towards the perpendicular.
- C) at a 45 angle to the surface of the water.
- D) more slowly.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 451
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
15) Earths atmosphere is able to gradually refract light rays:
- A) because of the changing density of air as you get closer to the surface.
- B) only when it is very dry.
- C) only when the sun is very high in the sky.
- D) because of air pollution that is present.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 451
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
16) Which of these atmospheric properties is most important concerning whether mirages will be seen?
- A) visibility
- B) barometric pressure
- C) humidity
- D) temperature change with height
- E) wind speed
Answer: D
Page Ref: 452
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
17) Mirages are caused by:
- A) reflection of sunlight.
- B) variations in air density.
- C) diffraction of sunlight.
- D) scattering of sunlight.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 452
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
18) The wet area or water surface mirage as seen on a highway occurs when:
- A) an inversion is present.
- B) humidity is high.
- C) air pressure is high.
- D) temperature lapse rate is large.
- E) air density is low.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 452
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
19) A layer of very warm, low density air near the surface causes light to:
- A) bend in a curve that follows the curvature of the Earths surface.
- B) bend in a curve opposite that of the Earth.
- C) reflect at a higher angle off of the surface.
- D) separate into its various color components.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 452
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
20) The desert vision of palm trees reflected in water is usually not reality but an example of:
- A) an inferior mirage.
- B) looming.
- C) a superior mirage.
- D) a lunar glory.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 452
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
21) Mirages result from which of these optical processes?
- A) diffraction
- B) dispersion
- C) reflection
- D) refraction
- E) interference
Answer: D
Page Ref: 452
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
22) Mirages:
- A) are caused by the reflection of light.
- B) appear most often in air with a small temperature gradient.
- C) only occur in the desert.
- D) are known as superior mirages when an object appears higher than it really is.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 452
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
23) Superior mirages appear ________ the observed object, and inferior mirages appear ________.
- A) above; below
- B) below; above
- C) larger than; smaller
- D) smaller than; larger
Answer: A
Page Ref: 452
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
24) A mirage will appear to be looming when:
- A) air is very unstable.
- B) there is a strong temperature inversion.
- C) there is a strong negative lapse rate.
- D) it appear smaller than the actual object.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 452
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
25) A looming mirage appears to be:
- A) closer than the actual object.
- B) below the actual object.
- C) larger than the actual object.
- D) suspended above the actual object.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 452
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
26) In terms of the process of formation, which one of the following optical phenomena is unlike the other three?
- A) sun dog
- B) halo
- C) mirage
- D) solar pillar
Answer: C
Page Ref: 452, 458
Blooms Taxonomy: Analyze
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
27) ________ occurs when cold air near the surface bends light in the same direction as the Earths curvature, causing the object to appear suspended above the horizon.
- A) Fata Morgana
- B) Towering
- C) Looming
- D) Aurora borealis
Answer: C
Page Ref: 452
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
28) A mirage that changes the apparent size of an object is called:
- A) magnification.
- B) towering.
- C) looming.
- D) dispersion.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 453
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
29) If you see large towers or mountains that seem to appear out of thin air, you are probably witnessing:
- A) Fata Morgana
- B) Looming
- C) Inferior mirage
- D) Glory
Answer: A
Page Ref: 453
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
30) The highway ahead of you appears wet on days when:
- A) light is refracted through the windshields of other cars.
- B) water vapor in the atmosphere reflects incoming light.
- C) light passes through colder air aloft into very warm air near the surface.
- D) light is refracted by very cold air near the surface.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 453
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
31) A green flash appears when:
- A) the sun is just rising or setting.
- B) there is a rainstorm in progress.
- C) light is refracted around the edges of clouds.
- D) there is a temperature inversion present.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 454
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
32) Secondary rainbows result from:
- A) temperature inversions.
- B) more cloud drops being present.
- C) drops being very small.
- D) multiple reflections inside the raindrops.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 455
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
33) When sunlight interacts with a raindrop to produce a rainbow, how many refractive events occur for each drop?
- A) 42
- B) 1
- C) 2
- D) zero
Answer: C
Page Ref: 455
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 8: Characteristics and Distribution of Ecosystems
34) Which of these are the primary optical phenomena causing a rainbow?
- A) diffraction, reflection
- B) dispersion, interference
- C) reflection, interference
- D) refraction, reflection
- E) reflection, diffraction
Answer: D
Page Ref: 455
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 8: Characteristics and Distribution of Ecosystems
35) Why do rainbows have a curved shape?
- A) Water molecules are circular.
- B) The earth is circular.
- C) The optical process is circularly symmetrical around the path of the sunlight.
- D) The Sun is a spherical body.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 455
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
36) The speed of light in water is:
- A) fastest for violet light.
- B) fastest for ultraviolet light.
- C) same for all colors.
- D) fastest for red light.
- E) fastest for blue light.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 455
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
37) Rainbows are always seen with the Sun:
- A) behind you.
- B) ahead of you.
- C) to your right.
- D) to your left.
- E) 42 degrees above the horizon.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 455
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
38) Which of these is most important for splitting the Suns light into its separate colors?
- A) interference
- B) internal reflection
- C) diffraction
- D) reflection
- E) refraction
Answer: E
Page Ref: 455
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
39) The ________ is seen most often in morning and late afternoon when the Sun is near the horizon.
- A) sun dog
- B) halo
- C) rainbow
- D) glory
- E) A, B and C
Answer: E
Page Ref: 455, 457, 458
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
40) Which of the following colors is never found in the interior of a rainbow?
- A) blue
- B) orange
- C) red
- D) green
Answer: C
Page Ref: 455
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
41) A secondary rainbow:
- A) is above the primary rainbow.
- B) has a broader band of colors.
- C) is brighter than the primary rainbow.
- D) is formed from ice, not water.
- E) is typically seen in the early afternoon, not in the morning.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 455
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
42) In order to see a rainbow, an observer must ________ the Sun and ________ the rain.
- A) have his back to; have his back to
- B) face; face
- C) face; have his back to
- D) have his back to; face
Answer: D
Page Ref: 455
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
43) Red light travels the ________ and is therefore bent the ________.
- A) fastest; least
- B) slowest; most
- C) slowest; least
- D) fastest; most
Answer: A
Page Ref: 455
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
44) Violet-colored light travels at the ________ rate and is therefore refracted the ________.
- A) slowest; most
- B) fastest; least
- C) fastest; most
- D) slowest; least
Answer: A
Page Ref: 455
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
45) The separation of colors by refraction is called:
- A) glory.
- B) dispersion.
- C) towering.
- D) looming.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 455
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
46) A rainbow in the morning signifies weather approaching because:
- A) weather moves from west to east, and you must be between the rising sun and the rain to see the rainbow.
- B) a rainbow only occurs when air is very unstable.
- C) a rainbow forms during the mature phase of a thunderstorm.
- D) you must have the sun between you and the storm to see a rainbow.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 456
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
47) The interpretation of a halo around the Moon as a sign of impending rain (or snow) stems from:
- A) the geometry of the Moons size and distance.
- B) a false weather proverb.
- C) the association of cirrus clouds with cyclonic storms.
- D) halos being present only when clouds are thick.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 457
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
48) The ________ is produced by refraction caused by ice crystals.
- A) rainbow
- B) halo
- C) corona
- D) glory
Answer: B
Page Ref: 457
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
49) The ________ forms in association with the Moon as well as the Sun.
- A) rainbow
- B) sun dog
- C) glory
- D) halo
Answer: D
Page Ref: 457
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
50) Halos:
- A) are usually red.
- B) come in four sizes.
- C) are formed by six-sided crystals.
- D) are actually invisible.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 457
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
51) A 46 halo results instead of a 22 halo when:
- A) light passes through the side of an ice crystal but exits through the base or the top.
- B) light passes through the side of an ice crystal and exits through the opposite side.
- C) light is refracted by liquid water droplets rather than frozen ice crystals.
- D) light reflects off of the side of ice crystals rather than passing through them.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 457
Blooms Taxonomy: Understand
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
52) The ________ usually appears in conjunction with a halo.
- A) glory
- B) rainbow
- C) corona
- D) sun dog
Answer: D
Page Ref: 458
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
53) Sun dogs create the appearance of:
- A) a ring around the sun.
- B) two mock suns on the outer rim of a halo.
- C) a rainbow around the observers shadow.
- D) shimmering water on the horizon.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 458
Blooms Taxonomy: Remember
Nat. Geog. Stand: 7: Physical Processes that Shape Earth
54) Why dont halos display the colors of a rainbow?
- A) The shape and size of ice crystals are not uniform.
- B) Refraction does not occur with a halo.
- C) Reflection does not occur with a halo.
- D) Ice crystals are not transparent.
Answer
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