Contemporary Nutrition 9th Edition by Gordon Wardlaw , Anne Smith Test Bank

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Contemporary Nutrition 9th Edition by Gordon Wardlaw , Anne Smith Test Bank

Description

Chapter 15
Nutrition from Infancy through Adolescence

Fill in the Blank Questions

1. According to current growth charts, an infant can be expected to _______________ his or her birth weight by 1 year of age.
triple

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 15.01 Describe the extent to which nutrition affects infant growth and physiological development.
Section: 15.02 Infant Growth and Nutrition Needs
Topic: Life Cycle

2. According to current growth charts, an infant can be expected to increase his or her birth length by _______________ percent in 1 year.
50 or
fifty

3. The single best indicator of a childs nutritional status is _______________.
growth

4. In general, premature infants can be expected to reach normal height and weight by _______________ to _______________ years.
2; 3 or
2, 3 or
two; three or
two, three

5. Mild deficiencies of the mineral _______________ in children in the United States have been linked to poor growth.
zinc or
Zn

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.01 Describe the extent to which nutrition affects infant growth and physiological development.
Section: 15.02 Infant Growth and Nutrition Needs
Topic: Life Cycle

6. In the short-term, gains in ____________ are a good indicator of nutritional status. The best indicator of long-term nutritional status in a child is gains in ____________.
weight; height or
weight, height or
weight; length or
weight, length

7. Per kilogram of body weight, the energy needs of a six-month-old infant are approximately ______ to ______ times higher than adult needs.
2; 4 or
two; four or
two, four or
2, 4

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 15.02 Identify diet guidelines to meet the basic nutritional needs for normal growth and development for an infant and discuss some dos and donts associated with infant feeding.
Section: 15.02 Infant Growth and Nutrition Needs
Topic: Life Cycle

8. Freddie is 8 months old and weighs 9 kilograms. He needs about ______ grams of protein per day.
14 or
fourteen

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 15.02 Identify diet guidelines to meet the basic nutritional needs for normal growth and development for an infant and discuss some dos and donts associated with infant feeding.
Section: 15.02 Infant Growth and Nutrition Needs
Topic: Life Cycle

9. Essential fatty acids should provide about _______________% of total fat intake for infants.
15 or
fifteen

10. ____________ is an appropriate nutrient supplement for most breastfed infants.
vitamin D or
D

11. Adequate _________ status can reduce lead absorption.
iron or
Fe or
calcium or
Ca

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.03 List several challenges parents might face in dealing with childhood eating habits.
Section: 15.03 Preschool Children: Nutrition Concerns
Topic: Life Cycle

12. An infant requires approximately _______________ cups of fluids per day.
3 or
three

13. Newborn infants are routinely given injections of _______________.
vitamin K

14. Nursing bottle syndrome results in _______________ in bottle-fed infants.
dental caries or
caries or
tooth decay or
dental cavities or
cavities

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.02 Identify diet guidelines to meet the basic nutritional needs for normal growth and development for an infant and discuss some dos and donts associated with infant feeding.
Section: 15.02 Infant Growth and Nutrition Needs
Topic: Life Cycle

15. A mineral that may be less than adequate in the diets of adolescent girls is ____________.
iron or
Fe or
calcium or
Ca

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 15.04 List the nutrients often found to be lacking in the diets of infants, toddlers, preschoolers, and teenagers and make recommendations to remedy the problems.
Section: 15.05 Teenage Years: Nutrition Concerns
Topic: Life Cycle

16. Teenagers get approximately one-fourth to one-third of their total energy intake from ___________.
snacks

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 15.03 List several challenges parents might face in dealing with childhood eating habits.
Section: 15.05 Teenage Years: Nutrition Concerns
Topic: Life Cycle

17. Foreign proteins that cause adverse reactions in the body are called _______________.
antigens or
allergens

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 15.06 Identify common food allergens and suggest several practices that may reduce the risk of developing a food allergy.
Section: Nutrition and Your Health
Topic: Life Cycle

Multiple Choice Questions

18. According to current growth charts, an infant will double his or her birth weight at about ______ months of age.
A. 5
B. 3
C. 2
D. 9

19. An infants length will increase by ______ percent in the first year.
A. 10
B. 20
C. 35
D. 50

20. For a girl, undernutrition could be expected to have its greatest effect on height if it occurs
A. before the onset of menses.
B. 2 years after the onset of menses.
C. 1 year after the onset of menses.
D. 3 years after the onset of menses.

21. Typically, preterm infants will catch up in growth by ______ of age
A. 6 months
B. 1 year
C. 2 to 3 years
D. 4 to 5 years

22. The most sensitive indicator of long-term nutrient intake in a child is
A. weight.
B. height.
C. head circumference.
D. fusion of bone ends.

23. Approximately one third of children in developing nations are short and underweight for their age. The most frequent cause is
A. weaning to high-carbohydrate, low-protein diets.
B. diets low in essential fatty acids.
C. weaning to low-carbohydrate, high-protein diets.
D. diets high in protein.

24. For children 3 years of age and older, the most useful growth charts are
A. BMI-for-age.
B. head circumference and height-for-age.
C. weight-for-height and head circumference.
D. weight-for-age and height-for-age.

Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 15.01 Describe the extent to which nutrition affects infant growth and physiological development.
Section: 15.02 Infant Growth and Nutrition Needs
Topic: Life Cycle

25. Which of the following statements is true?
A. There is strong evidence that infant obesity will result in adulthood obesity.
B. Obese infants become obese preschool children.
C. Most overweight infants become normal weight preschoolers.
D. Calories should be restricted for obese infants to levels less than those for normal weight infants.

26. Mildred is worried about her infant becoming obese in adulthood. Which of the following would not be accurate information if you were attempting to counsel her?
A. Fat cells can increase in number during infancy and adulthood.
B. If she limits calories during infancy, the growth of other organ systems may be restricted.
C. Most obese infants become normal weight preschoolers.
D. Her infant should limit fat to 20 percent of his or her calories to prevent obesity.

27. Susie is 3 years old. At her most recent checkup she was at the 20th percentile for height. This means that she is
A. taller than 19 out of 100 girls her age.
B. shorter than 19 out of 100 girls her age.
C. taller than 20 out of 100 girls her age.
D. taller than 79 out of 100 girls her age.

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 15.01 Describe the extent to which nutrition affects infant growth and physiological development.
Section: 15.02 Infant Growth and Nutrition Needs
Topic: Life Cycle

28. Brain growth is most rapid in infancy but stops by about what age?
A. 9 months
B. 18 months
C. 24 months
D. 3 years

29. Based on body weight comparisons, at 6 months of age, a childs energy needs (kcal/kg) are approximately how many times higher than adult needs?
A. 1-2
B. 2-3
C. 2-4
D. 5-6

30. The new WHO growth standards stress that _______________ is the biological norm for infant nutrition.
A. feeding infant formula
B. breastfeeding
C. feeding cows milk
D. feeding infant formula and cereal

31. The greatest energy requirement per unit of body weight occurs during
A. pregnancy.
B. infancy.
C. lactation.
D. childhood.

32. Breast milk contains approximately how many kilocalories per quart?
A. 450
B. 570
C. 600
D. 640

33. Daily protein needs during infancy vary from ______ to ______ grams per day.
A. 5; 10
B. 9; 14
C. 15; 25
D. 0.8; 0.95

34. Human milk provides _______ percent of kilocalories from protein.
A. 6-7
B. 7-8
C. 9-10
D. >15

35. Human milk provides approximately ______ percent of kilocalories from fat.
A. 30
B. 40
C. 50
D. 60

36. Essential fatty acids should make up ______ percent of the total fat intake of infants.
A. 5
B. 10
C. 15
D. 20

37. The fluid requirements of the infant are approximately __________ cups per day.
A. 2
B. 1
C. 4
D. 3

38. What vitamin routinely is given by injection to all infants at birth?
A. A
B. E
C. K
D. D

39. Iron stores present at birth generally are depleted by ______ to ______ months.
A. 1; 2
B. 4; 6
C. 6; 8
D. 8; 10

40. Many formula products for infants contain
A. lactose, heat-treated cows milk protein, and vegetable oils.
B. soy protein, glucose, and vegetable oils.
C. fructose and heat-treated cows milk protein.
D. galactose and vegetable oils.

41. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, the best age to introduce solid foods into the infants diet is
A. less than 1 month.
B. 1 to 4 months.
C. 4 to 6 months.
D. over 8 months.

42. The first solid foods usually introduced into an infants milk diet are
A. egg whites.
B. pureed meats.
C. pureed fruits.
D. iron-fortified cereals.

43. At age 4 to 6 months an infant can do all of the following except
A. sit up.
B. turn his or her head away when he or she feels full.
C. control tongue thrust.
D. handle finger foods.

44. It is impractical to introduce solid foods into an infants diet before 4 to 6 months of age, because until that time
A. kidney function is limited.
B. starch-digesting enzymes are not very active.
C. food allergies are less likely.
D. head and neck control are not established.

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 15.02 Identify diet guidelines to meet the basic nutritional needs for normal growth and development for an infant and discuss some dos and donts associated with infant feeding.
Section: 15.02 Infant Growth and Nutrition Needs
Topic: Life Cycle

45. All of the following are true about readiness to add solid foods to an infants diet except
A. the infant has head and neck control.
B. the infant is consuming more than 32 ounces of formula or breastfeeding more than 8-10 times per day.
C. the infant is able to put food in its mouth.
D. the infant is at least 13 pounds.

46. All of the following are true about nursing bottle syndrome except
A. it causes tooth decay in bottle-fed infants.
B. it is associated with an infant keeping a bottle in his or her mouth while sleeping.
C. it results from the teeth being bathed in carbohydrate-rich fluid.
D. it is associated with not brushing the infants gums at least 3 times per week.

47. All of the following should be omitted from an infants diet except
A. iron.
B. low-fat milk.
C. hot dogs.
D. honey.

48. Iron-deficiency anemia in the latter part of infancy is associated with
A. a diet containing few solid foods.
B. a diet dominated by commercial infant cereals.
C. medicinal iron supplements.
D. a diet dominated by carbohydrates.

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 15.04 List the nutrients often found to be lacking in the diets of infants, toddlers, preschoolers, and teenagers and make recommendations to remedy the problems.
Section: 15.02 Infant Growth and Nutrition Needs
Topic: Life Cycle

49. Popular and potentially useful nutritional interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder include all of the following except
A. omega-3 fatty acid supplements.
B. the gluten-free, casein-free diet.
C. probiotics.
D. a low-fat diet.

50. Infants need fat because it aids in absorption of several vitamins and also helps the ______________ to develop.
A. kidneys
B. nervous system
C. reproductive system
D. skin

51. Which of the following statements about autism spectrum disorder is true?
A. Autism spectrum disorder can both affect and be affected by nutritional status.
B. Food allergens may contribute to ASD by altering cardiovascular system function.
C. Nutritional interventions are useless in the treatment of ASD.
D. Research shows a causal link between childhood vaccinations and ASD.

52. High-fiber diets are
A. recommended for infants after 4 months of age.
B. recommended for infants after 6 months of age.
C. not recommended for infants.
D. recommended for breastfed infants only.

53. Weight gain during the second through about the eighth year of life is about ______ pounds per year.
A. 5
B. 10
C. 15
D. 20

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 15.03 List several challenges parents might face in dealing with childhood eating habits.
Section: 15.03 Preschool Children: Nutrition Concerns
Section: 15.04 School-Age Children: Nutrition Concerns
Topic: Life Cycle

54. All of the following practices may help to reduce lead exposure except
A. using hot instead of cold tap water to prepare foods and beverages.
B. consuming a variety of whole grains, lean meats, and low-fat dairy products.
C. allowing cold water to run from the tap for 2 3 minutes after a long period of inactivity.
D. ensuring adequate iron, zinc, calcium, thiamin, and vitamin E intakes.

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 15.03 List several challenges parents might face in dealing with childhood eating habits.
Section: 15.03 Preschool Children: Nutrition Concerns
Topic: Life Cycle

55. Feeding problems may develop during the preschool years partially because of
A. decreased appetite associated with decreased growth rate.
B. increased appetite associated with increased growth rate.
C. increased metabolic rate.
D. increased need for finger foods.

56. Which foods would you suggest adding to the diet of a preschool child who needs increased iron intake?
A. Lean meats
B. Milk
C. Orange juice
D. Egg whites

57. Preschool children should be encouraged to try new foods. If a child is reluctant to do so, it is best to
A. ask that he or she at least taste it.
B. withhold dessert until what is on the plate is eaten.
C. quietly remove it and never try again.
D. encourage other family members to coax him or her to eat.

58. Which of the following is not true about snacks for preschool children?
A. They are inappropriate and should be avoided.
B. They are appropriate if timed so that appetite is not impaired at meals.
C. They can assist in introducing children to new foods.
D. They are appropriate if the snack contributes to the total days nutrient intake.

59. The nutrient needs of preschool children are relatively great, so it may be important to
A. serve high-fat foods.
B. provide vitamin supplements.
C. withhold liquids until after meals.
D. serve snacks daily in addition to meals.

60. All of the following are recommended to help preschoolers eat vegetables except
A. show the child you like vegetables.
B. promise dessert when vegetables are eaten.
C. offer new vegetables with familiar foods.
D. serve vegetables undercooked and crunchy.

61. Children will more effectively develop the breakfast-eating habit if
A. they are driven to school so that they have time to eat.
B. parents eat breakfast with them.
C. breakfast is prepared for them to eat while their parents are dressing for work.
D. they are given money to buy breakfast on the way to school.

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 15.03 List several challenges parents might face in dealing with childhood eating habits.
Section: 15.04 School-Age Children: Nutrition Concerns
Topic: Life Cycle

62. For a child who follows a totally vegetarian diet, all of the following nutrients are of concern except
A. iron.
B. vitamin B-12.
C. vitamin D.
D. fiber.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.04 List the nutrients often found to be lacking in the diets of infants, toddlers, preschoolers, and teenagers and make recommendations to remedy the problems.
Section: 15.03 Preschool Children: Nutrition Concerns
Topic: Life Cycle

63. Which of the following is an appropriate feeding philosophy for children?
A. Parents should be responsible for choosing how much and when the child should eat.
B. Parents should present a variety of nutritious food choices and avoid making the dinner table into a battleground.
C. Children should be forced to eat what is good for them.
D. Parents should present nutritious food choices and not worry about their own eating habits.

Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 15.03 List several challenges parents might face in dealing with childhood eating habits.
Section: 15.03 Preschool Children: Nutrition Concerns
Topic: Life Cycle

64. Which of the following is a reliable indicator of generally good nutrition status in young children?
A. The presence of subcutaneous fat
B. Consumption of foods from several groups
C. Regular gains in height and weight
D. The childs interest in a variety of foods

65. Absence of breakfast for children is associated with
A. increased attention span and decreased performance in sports.
B. decreased performance in school and no impact on attention span.
C. decreased performance in school and decreased attention span.
D. decreased performance in sports and no impact on attention span.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.03 List several challenges parents might face in dealing with childhood eating habits.
Section: 15.04 School-Age Children: Nutrition Concerns
Topic: Life Cycle

66. Federally funded programs, such as TEAM Nutrition and CDCs National Bone Health Campaign, promote
A. good dental hygiene.
B. a vegetarian lifestyle.
C. total avoidance of fats and sweets.
D. early development of healthy eating and exercise habits.

67. Today, most females reach their full height
A. by menarche.
B. within 7 months of menarche.
C. within 2 years after menarche.
D. by the age of 19.

68. The adolescent growth spurt
A. begins earlier in boys than girls.
B. begins earlier in girls than boys.
C. decreases energy and nutrient needs.
D. begins at the same age for boys and girls.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.04 List the nutrients often found to be lacking in the diets of infants, toddlers, preschoolers, and teenagers and make recommendations to remedy the problems.
Section: 15.05 Teenage Years: Nutrition Concerns
Topic: Life Cycle

69. Which of the following minerals may be low in the diets of adolescent girls?
A. Calcium and phosphorus
B. Iron and calcium
C. Magnesium and zinc
D. Iron and phosphorus

70. Teenagers are at risk of deficiency in which of the following nutrients?
A. Fats and protein
B. Calcium and folate
C. Calcium and iron
D. Iron and sodium

71. In adults, the most common type of food allergy is
A. eggs.
B. milk.
C. peanuts.
D. shellfish.

72. In children under 3 years of age, the most common type of food allergy is
A. eggs.
B. milk.
C. peanuts.
D. shellfish.

73. Adolescents obtain ______ percent of their energy and nutrient intakes from snacks.
A. 15 to 23
B. 25 to 33
C. 43 to 53
D. 50 to 63

74. Which of the following is true about teens and vegetable consumption?
A. Most teens generally get all of their vegetable requirements on a daily basis.
B. Most of a teens vegetable intake is from pizza sauce.
C. Potato chips and French fries make up more than one-third of the vegetable intake of teens.
D. Vegetable nutrients are not important during teenage development.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.04 List the nutrients often found to be lacking in the diets of infants, toddlers, preschoolers, and teenagers and make recommendations to remedy the problems.
Section: 15.05 Teenage Years: Nutrition Concerns
Topic: Life Cycle

75. For the more than 30% of school-age children who are overweight or obese, experts generally recommend
A. severe caloric restriction.
B. limiting physical activity to avoid stressing the joints.
C. early diabetes and cholesterol screening.
D. bariatric surgery.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 15.05 Describe the long-term effects of childhood obesity and suggest ways to prevent or treat the problem.
Section: 15.04 School-Age Children: Nutrition Concerns
Topic: Life Cycle

76. All of the following are characteristics of food allergies except
A. they are a disorder of the immune system.
B. they are most frequently linked to milk, eggs, nuts, or wheat.
C. once they develop, they are always permanent.
D. they can cause nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.

77. An adverse reaction to a food that does not involve the immune system is
A. a food allergy.
B. a food intolerance.
C. anaphylaxis.
D. a food deterrence.

78. Which of the following in not a common food allergen?
A. Fruits
B. Corn
C. Nuts
D. Seafood

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.06 Identify common food allergens and suggest several practices that may reduce the risk of developing a food allergy.
Section: Nutrition and Your Health
Topic: Life Cycle

79. Approximately what percentage of obese children become obese adults?
A. 20%
B. 30%
C. 40%
D. 50%

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 15.05 Describe the long-term effects of childhood obesity and suggest ways to prevent or treat the problem.
Section: 15.04 School-Age Children: Nutrition Concerns
Topic: Life Cycle

80. Approximately what percentage of obese adolescents become obese adults?
A. 30%
B. 50%
C. 80%
D. 90%

81. In the United States, approximately _____ percent of school-age children are overweight or obese.
A. 10
B. 20
C. 30
D. 50

82. The treatment of childhood obesity involves all the following except
A. increasing the activity level.
B. moderation of energy intake.
C. reducing dietary sugar and fat.
D. a restrictive weight-loss diet.