Essentials of Anatomy 6e Scanlon Sanders Test bank

Description

Chapter 11 (CO): Blood

COMPLETION

1. Blood plasma makes up approximately __________% to __________% of the total blood.

ANS: 52, 62

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 1

2. The respiratory gas that is transported mainly in blood plasma is _______________________.

ANS: carbon dioxide

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 1

3. Blood plasma is able to transport waste products because water is a(n) _____________________.

ANS: solvent

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 1

4. The plasma protein that pulls tissue fluid into capillaries is ______________________.

ANS: albumin

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 1

5. The albumin in blood plasma is produced by the ________________ and is important to maintain normal ________________________.

ANS:
liver, blood volume
liver, blood pressure

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 1

6. Plasma proteins called alpha and beta globulins are produced by the __________________, and they function as ____________________.

ANS: liver, carrier molecules

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 1

7. The gamma globulins in blood plasma are _____________________ that are produced by the cells called _____________________.

ANS: antibodies, lymphocytes

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 1

8. The precursor cell for all of the kinds of blood cells is the _____________________.

ANS: stem cell

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 2

9. The primary hemopoietic tissue is _______________________________.

ANS: red bone marrow

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 2

10. All of the kinds of blood cells are produced in _________________________, which is found in ______________________.

ANS:
red bone marrow, flat bones
red bone marrow, irregular bones

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 2

11. Lymphatic tissue is found in the ______________________, and produces some _______________________.

ANS:
spleen, lymphocytes
lymph nodes, lymphocytes

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 2

12. A count of 5.2 million cells per microliter of blood is within the normal range for ______________.

ANS: red blood cells

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 3

13. A count of 8600 cells per microliter of blood is within the normal range for __________________.

ANS: white blood cells

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 3

14. A count of 275,000 cells per microliter of blood is within the normal range for _________________.

ANS: platelets

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 3

15. The part of a CBC that measures the percentage of RBCs in a sample of blood is the ______________________, and a normal range is _________% to _________%.

ANS: hematocrit, 38, 48

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 3

16. The normal hematocrit has a range of _________________ to ________________.

ANS: 38%, 48%

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 3

17. The hemoglobin value in a CBC has a normal range of ________ to ________ grams/100 mL of blood.

ANS: 12, 18

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 3

18. A value of 15 grams/100 mL of blood would be normal for the __________________ value in a CBC.

ANS: hemoglobin

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 3

19. The function of RBCs is to ____________________.

ANS: carry oxygen

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 4

20. Within RBCs, the essential mineral is _________________ because it is part of ______________________.

ANS: iron, hemoglobin

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 4

21. The hormone _____________________, which is produced by the __________________, stimulates a faster rate than normal of RBC production.

ANS: erythropoietin, kidneys

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 4

22. The stimulus for the secretion of erythropoietin is ___________________, and its function is to _______________________.

ANS: hypoxia, increase the rate of RBC production

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 4

23. In RBC development, the last immature stage is called a(n) ___________________________.

ANS: reticulocyte

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 4

24. In RBC formation, iron and protein are necessary nutrients because they become part of __________________________.

ANS: hemoglobin

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 5

25. Vitamin B12 is necessary for RBC formation for the synthesis of ____________________ in the ____________________ cells.

ANS: DNA, stem

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 5

26. In RBC formation, the intrinsic factor is produced by the ______________________ and its function is to ______________________________.

ANS: stomach lining, prevent digestion of vitamin B12

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 5

27. The life span of RBCs is approximately ______________________.

ANS: 120 days

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 6

28. Old RBCs are phagocytized by cells called ___________________________.

ANS: macrophages

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 6

29. Old RBCs are phagocytized by cells called ________________________, which are located in the _________________, ___________________, and ___________________.

ANS:
macrophages, liver, spleen, red bone marrow
macrophages, liver, red bone marrow, spleen
macrophages, red bone marrow, liver, spleen
macrophages, red bone marrow, spleen, liver
macrophages, spleen, liver, red bone marrow
macrophages spleen, red bone marrow, liver

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 6

30. When old RBCs are destroyed, their iron may be returned to the ________________ for the synthesis of ____________________________.

ANS: red bone marrow, hemoglobin

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 6

31. When old RBCs are destroyed, their iron may be stored in the _____________________.

ANS: liver

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 6

32. When old RBCs are destroyed, the globin portion can be recycled for the ________________________ it is made of.

ANS: amino acids

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 6

33. When old RBCs are destroyed, the heme portion is converted to ________________ by the _________________________.

ANS: bilirubin, liver (spleen, red bone marrow)

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 6

34. Bilirubin is made from the _______________ of old RBCs, and is excreted by the __________________ into _________________.

ANS: heme, liver, bile

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 6

35. The ABO blood types are named for the _________________________ that are found on a persons _______________________.

ANS: antigens, red blood cells

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 7

36. The Rh blood group has two major types; these are ______________________ and _______________________.

ANS:
positive, negative
negative, positive

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 7

37. A type A person has _________________ on the RBCs and _____________________ in the plasma.

ANS: antigens, anti-B antibodies

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 7

38. A type O person has ______________________________________ on the RBCs and ____________________________________________ in the plasma.

ANS: neither A nor B antigens, both anti-A and anti-B antibodies

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 7

39. A type AB person has ___________________________________________ on the RBCs and ______________________________________________ in the plasma.

ANS: both A and B antigens, neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 7

40. As a consequence of a mismatched blood transfusion, there will be ____________________ of the donated RBCs.

ANS:
hemolysis
rupture
lysis

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 7

41. As a consequence of a mismatched blood transfusion, the most serious damage occurs in the ________________________ because of the circulating ______________________________.

ANS: kidneys, free hemoglobin

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 7

42. Rh antibodies are formed only when an Rh ___________ person is exposed to Rh ________ blood.

ANS: negative, positive

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 7

43. The kinds of WBCs that phagocytize pathogens are _________________________ and _______________________.

ANS:
neutrophils, monocytes
monocytes, neutrophils

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 8

44. The kind of WBC that produces antibodies is the _________________________.

ANS: lymphocyte

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 8

45. The kind of WBC that releases histamine during inflammation is the __________________.

ANS: basophil

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 8

46. The kind of WBC that detoxifies foreign proteins is the __________________________.

ANS: eosinophil

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 8

47. The kind of WBC that differentiates into a macrophage is the ________________________.

ANS: monocyte

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 8

48. The kind of WBC that recognizes foreign antigens is the ____________________________.

ANS: lymphocyte

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 8

49. The laboratory test that measures the percent of each kind of WBC is called a ______________________.

ANS: differential

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 8

50. The most numerous WBCs are the _________________________, and the least numerous are the _________________________.

ANS: neutrophils, basophils

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 8

51. The most numerous WBCs are the ________________________, and the second most numerous are the __________________________.

ANS: neutrophils, lymphocytes

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 8

52. The term _________________________ means prevention of blood loss.

ANS: hemostasis

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 9

53. When capillaries rupture, blood loss is prevented by ______________________________.

ANS: platelet plugs

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 9

54. For breaks in large arteries, blood loss may be stopped only if _______________________ occurs first.

ANS: vascular spasm

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 10

55. When a large artery is cut, the ______________________ tissue in its wall will ______________________ and make the break smaller.

ANS: smooth muscle, contract

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 10

56. In the process of chemical clotting, the result of the first stage is __________________________________.

ANS:
prothrombin activator
prothrombinase

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 11

57. In the process of chemical clotting, the result of the second stage is ____________________.

ANS: thrombin

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 11

58. In the process of chemical clotting, the result of the third stage is ______________________.

ANS: fibrin

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 11

59. In the process of chemical clotting, the clot itself is made of _______________________.

ANS: fibrin

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 11

60. Clotting factors such as fibrinogen are synthesized by the ________________________.

ANS: liver

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 11

61. The mineral necessary for chemical clotting is ________________________.

ANS: calcium

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 11

62. The vitamin necessary for chemical clotting is ________________.

ANS: K

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 11

63. The general stimulus for chemical clotting, even in an intact vessel, is a ___________________________.

ANS: rough surface

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 11

64. A newly formed clot is made smaller by the process of ____________________________.

ANS: clot retraction

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 12

65. When a blood clot has served its purpose, it is removed by the process of ____________________.

ANS: fibrinolysis

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 12

66. Antithrombin is synthesized by the _____________________, and its purpose is to __________________________.

ANS: liver, inactivate excess thrombin

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 13

67. The endothelium of a blood vessel is its ______________________, and it is ___________________, which prevents abnormal clotting.

ANS: lining, smooth

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 13

68. An abnormal clot that forms within a vessel is called a(n) __________________________.

ANS: thrombus

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 13

69. A clot that breaks off and travels into another vessel is called a(n) ____________________.

ANS: embolism

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 13

70. The viscosity of the blood is its __________________, and depends on the presence of the plasma protein __________________.

ANS: thickness, albumin

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 14

71. The thickness of blood, called its ___________________, is important to help maintain normal _____________________.

ANS: viscosity, blood pressure

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 14

72. The normal pH range of blood is _____________ to _____________.

ANS: 7.35, 7.45

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 15

73. Carbon dioxide is carried in the blood in the form of ______________________ in the _________________________.

ANS: bicarbonate ions, plasma

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 15

74. If more carbon dioxide is carried by the blood, the pH of the blood will _________________.

ANS: decrease

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 15

75. If less carbon dioxide is carried by the blood, the pH of the blood will __________________.

ANS: increase

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 15

76. The pH of the blood will decrease if the amount of carbon dioxide it carries _____________.

ANS: increases

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 15

77. The pH of the blood will increase if the amount of carbon dioxide it carries _____________.

ANS: decreases

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 15

78. The term for a low RBC count is _____________________.

ANS: anemia

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 16

79. The term for a high WBC count is _______________________.

ANS: leukocytosis

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 16

80. The term for a low platelet count is _________________________.

ANS: thrombocytopenia

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 16

81. The primary consequence of anemia is ____________________.

ANS:
hypoxia
lack of oxygen

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 16

82. Leukocytosis might be a sign of __________________________.

ANS: infection

PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 16

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