Chapter 11 (CO): Blood
COMPLETION
1. Blood plasma makes up approximately __________% to __________% of the total blood.
ANS: 52, 62
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 1
2. The respiratory gas that is transported mainly in blood plasma is _______________________.
ANS: carbon dioxide
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 1
3. Blood plasma is able to transport waste products because water is a(n) _____________________.
ANS: solvent
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 1
4. The plasma protein that pulls tissue fluid into capillaries is ______________________.
ANS: albumin
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 1
5. The albumin in blood plasma is produced by the ________________ and is important to maintain normal ________________________.
ANS:
liver, blood volume
liver, blood pressure
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 1
6. Plasma proteins called alpha and beta globulins are produced by the __________________, and they function as ____________________.
ANS: liver, carrier molecules
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 1
7. The gamma globulins in blood plasma are _____________________ that are produced by the cells called _____________________.
ANS: antibodies, lymphocytes
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 1
8. The precursor cell for all of the kinds of blood cells is the _____________________.
ANS: stem cell
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 2
9. The primary hemopoietic tissue is _______________________________.
ANS: red bone marrow
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 2
10. All of the kinds of blood cells are produced in _________________________, which is found in ______________________.
ANS:
red bone marrow, flat bones
red bone marrow, irregular bones
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 2
11. Lymphatic tissue is found in the ______________________, and produces some _______________________.
ANS:
spleen, lymphocytes
lymph nodes, lymphocytes
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 2
12. A count of 5.2 million cells per microliter of blood is within the normal range for ______________.
ANS: red blood cells
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 3
13. A count of 8600 cells per microliter of blood is within the normal range for __________________.
ANS: white blood cells
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 3
14. A count of 275,000 cells per microliter of blood is within the normal range for _________________.
ANS: platelets
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 3
15. The part of a CBC that measures the percentage of RBCs in a sample of blood is the ______________________, and a normal range is _________% to _________%.
ANS: hematocrit, 38, 48
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 3
16. The normal hematocrit has a range of _________________ to ________________.
ANS: 38%, 48%
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 3
17. The hemoglobin value in a CBC has a normal range of ________ to ________ grams/100 mL of blood.
ANS: 12, 18
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 3
18. A value of 15 grams/100 mL of blood would be normal for the __________________ value in a CBC.
ANS: hemoglobin
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 3
19. The function of RBCs is to ____________________.
ANS: carry oxygen
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 4
20. Within RBCs, the essential mineral is _________________ because it is part of ______________________.
ANS: iron, hemoglobin
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 4
21. The hormone _____________________, which is produced by the __________________, stimulates a faster rate than normal of RBC production.
ANS: erythropoietin, kidneys
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 4
22. The stimulus for the secretion of erythropoietin is ___________________, and its function is to _______________________.
ANS: hypoxia, increase the rate of RBC production
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 4
23. In RBC development, the last immature stage is called a(n) ___________________________.
ANS: reticulocyte
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 4
24. In RBC formation, iron and protein are necessary nutrients because they become part of __________________________.
ANS: hemoglobin
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 5
25. Vitamin B12 is necessary for RBC formation for the synthesis of ____________________ in the ____________________ cells.
ANS: DNA, stem
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 5
26. In RBC formation, the intrinsic factor is produced by the ______________________ and its function is to ______________________________.
ANS: stomach lining, prevent digestion of vitamin B12
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 5
27. The life span of RBCs is approximately ______________________.
ANS: 120 days
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 6
28. Old RBCs are phagocytized by cells called ___________________________.
ANS: macrophages
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 6
29. Old RBCs are phagocytized by cells called ________________________, which are located in the _________________, ___________________, and ___________________.
ANS:
macrophages, liver, spleen, red bone marrow
macrophages, liver, red bone marrow, spleen
macrophages, red bone marrow, liver, spleen
macrophages, red bone marrow, spleen, liver
macrophages, spleen, liver, red bone marrow
macrophages spleen, red bone marrow, liver
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 6
30. When old RBCs are destroyed, their iron may be returned to the ________________ for the synthesis of ____________________________.
ANS: red bone marrow, hemoglobin
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 6
31. When old RBCs are destroyed, their iron may be stored in the _____________________.
ANS: liver
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 6
32. When old RBCs are destroyed, the globin portion can be recycled for the ________________________ it is made of.
ANS: amino acids
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 6
33. When old RBCs are destroyed, the heme portion is converted to ________________ by the _________________________.
ANS: bilirubin, liver (spleen, red bone marrow)
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 6
34. Bilirubin is made from the _______________ of old RBCs, and is excreted by the __________________ into _________________.
ANS: heme, liver, bile
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 6
35. The ABO blood types are named for the _________________________ that are found on a persons _______________________.
ANS: antigens, red blood cells
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 7
36. The Rh blood group has two major types; these are ______________________ and _______________________.
ANS:
positive, negative
negative, positive
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 7
37. A type A person has _________________ on the RBCs and _____________________ in the plasma.
ANS: antigens, anti-B antibodies
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 7
38. A type O person has ______________________________________ on the RBCs and ____________________________________________ in the plasma.
ANS: neither A nor B antigens, both anti-A and anti-B antibodies
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 7
39. A type AB person has ___________________________________________ on the RBCs and ______________________________________________ in the plasma.
ANS: both A and B antigens, neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 7
40. As a consequence of a mismatched blood transfusion, there will be ____________________ of the donated RBCs.
ANS:
hemolysis
rupture
lysis
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 7
41. As a consequence of a mismatched blood transfusion, the most serious damage occurs in the ________________________ because of the circulating ______________________________.
ANS: kidneys, free hemoglobin
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 7
42. Rh antibodies are formed only when an Rh ___________ person is exposed to Rh ________ blood.
ANS: negative, positive
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 7
43. The kinds of WBCs that phagocytize pathogens are _________________________ and _______________________.
ANS:
neutrophils, monocytes
monocytes, neutrophils
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 8
44. The kind of WBC that produces antibodies is the _________________________.
ANS: lymphocyte
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 8
45. The kind of WBC that releases histamine during inflammation is the __________________.
ANS: basophil
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 8
46. The kind of WBC that detoxifies foreign proteins is the __________________________.
ANS: eosinophil
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 8
47. The kind of WBC that differentiates into a macrophage is the ________________________.
ANS: monocyte
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 8
48. The kind of WBC that recognizes foreign antigens is the ____________________________.
ANS: lymphocyte
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 8
49. The laboratory test that measures the percent of each kind of WBC is called a ______________________.
ANS: differential
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 8
50. The most numerous WBCs are the _________________________, and the least numerous are the _________________________.
ANS: neutrophils, basophils
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 8
51. The most numerous WBCs are the ________________________, and the second most numerous are the __________________________.
ANS: neutrophils, lymphocytes
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 8
52. The term _________________________ means prevention of blood loss.
ANS: hemostasis
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 9
53. When capillaries rupture, blood loss is prevented by ______________________________.
ANS: platelet plugs
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 9
54. For breaks in large arteries, blood loss may be stopped only if _______________________ occurs first.
ANS: vascular spasm
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 10
55. When a large artery is cut, the ______________________ tissue in its wall will ______________________ and make the break smaller.
ANS: smooth muscle, contract
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 10
56. In the process of chemical clotting, the result of the first stage is __________________________________.
ANS:
prothrombin activator
prothrombinase
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 11
57. In the process of chemical clotting, the result of the second stage is ____________________.
ANS: thrombin
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 11
58. In the process of chemical clotting, the result of the third stage is ______________________.
ANS: fibrin
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 11
59. In the process of chemical clotting, the clot itself is made of _______________________.
ANS: fibrin
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 11
60. Clotting factors such as fibrinogen are synthesized by the ________________________.
ANS: liver
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 11
61. The mineral necessary for chemical clotting is ________________________.
ANS: calcium
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 11
62. The vitamin necessary for chemical clotting is ________________.
ANS: K
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 11
63. The general stimulus for chemical clotting, even in an intact vessel, is a ___________________________.
ANS: rough surface
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 11
64. A newly formed clot is made smaller by the process of ____________________________.
ANS: clot retraction
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 12
65. When a blood clot has served its purpose, it is removed by the process of ____________________.
ANS: fibrinolysis
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 12
66. Antithrombin is synthesized by the _____________________, and its purpose is to __________________________.
ANS: liver, inactivate excess thrombin
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 13
67. The endothelium of a blood vessel is its ______________________, and it is ___________________, which prevents abnormal clotting.
ANS: lining, smooth
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 13
68. An abnormal clot that forms within a vessel is called a(n) __________________________.
ANS: thrombus
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 13
69. A clot that breaks off and travels into another vessel is called a(n) ____________________.
ANS: embolism
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 13
70. The viscosity of the blood is its __________________, and depends on the presence of the plasma protein __________________.
ANS: thickness, albumin
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 14
71. The thickness of blood, called its ___________________, is important to help maintain normal _____________________.
ANS: viscosity, blood pressure
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 14
72. The normal pH range of blood is _____________ to _____________.
ANS: 7.35, 7.45
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 15
73. Carbon dioxide is carried in the blood in the form of ______________________ in the _________________________.
ANS: bicarbonate ions, plasma
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 15
74. If more carbon dioxide is carried by the blood, the pH of the blood will _________________.
ANS: decrease
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 15
75. If less carbon dioxide is carried by the blood, the pH of the blood will __________________.
ANS: increase
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 15
76. The pH of the blood will decrease if the amount of carbon dioxide it carries _____________.
ANS: increases
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 15
77. The pH of the blood will increase if the amount of carbon dioxide it carries _____________.
ANS: decreases
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 15
78. The term for a low RBC count is _____________________.
ANS: anemia
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 16
79. The term for a high WBC count is _______________________.
ANS: leukocytosis
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 16
80. The term for a low platelet count is _________________________.
ANS: thrombocytopenia
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 16
81. The primary consequence of anemia is ____________________.
ANS:
hypoxia
lack of oxygen
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 16
82. Leukocytosis might be a sign of __________________________.
ANS: infection
PTS: 1 REF: Rev Ques 16
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