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Chapter 4: Characteristics of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Question Type: Multiple Choice
1) Which of the following groups of organisms is not prokaryotic?
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
2) Which of the following is not a common bacterial shape?
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
3) A small comma shaped bacteria is described as being a ________.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
4) Which of the following statements about the prokaryotic cells surface-to-volume ratio is false?
Answer: a
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
5) While division in one plane produces cells in pairs, what does random division produce?
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
6) _____ occurs when bacteria differ widely in form.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
7) Which of the following is not found in bacterial cells?
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
8) Which of the following cellular structures are found only in prokaryotic cells?
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
9) Extrachromosomal DNA in prokaryotic cells can be found in the form of _____.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
10) Which of the following cellular structures can be found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
11) Coccus-shaped cells which divide along two planes will produce cells arranged into _____.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
12) Prokaryotic cells divide by _____.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
13) Bacilli produce fewer arrangements than cocci because _____.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
14) The shape of a bacterial cell is determined (and maintained) by the _____.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
15) The most important structural component of bacterial cell walls is _____.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
16) The outer (cell) membrane component of the cell wall _____.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
17) Removal of the cell wall of a Gram positive bacteria results in the formation of a _____.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
18) The periplasmic space is found _____.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
19) Mycolic acid would be found primarily in the cell wall of:
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
20) Peptidoglycan makes up more than 50% of a ________ cell wall.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
21) Which of the following is true about bacteria?
Answer: a
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
22) Penicillin controls the growth of bacteria by _____.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
23) Lysozyme, found in human tears, controls the growth of bacteria by _____.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
24) Which bacterial genus normally lacks a cell wall?
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
25) The fluid-mosaic model describes the structure of _____.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
26) The _____ portion of the cell membrane functions as a barrier while the ______ portion provides specific functions, including pumps, receptors, adhesion, etc.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
27) In bacteria, the cell membrane functions in the all of the following ways EXCEPT:
Answer: c
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
28) The charged, phosphate end of a membrane phospholipid is:
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
29) Bacterial ribosomes:
Answer: a
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
30) Genetic information in bacteria is:
Answer: d
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
31) Inclusions found in bacteria generally would not include:
Answer: d
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
32) Endospores are typically found in the genus:
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
33) Endospores are usually induced to form when:
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
34) Bacteria move by means of:
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
35) Bacteria with flagella all over their surface are said to be:
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
36) Which of the following structures is not normally part of a bacterial flagellum?
Answer: d
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
37) Some bacteria can transfer DNA to another cell using:
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
38) Eukaryotic cells add rigidity to their plasma membrane by including what component in the membrane?
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.2 Describe the organelles and motility structures commonly found in eukaryotic cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.3 Eukaryotic Cells
39) Which of these statements about eukaryotic cell division is false?
Answer: c
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.2 Describe the organelles and motility structures commonly found in eukaryotic cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.3 Eukaryotic Cells
40) Mitochondria:
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.2 Describe the organelles and motility structures commonly found in eukaryotic cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.3 Eukaryotic Cells
41) Which of the following is responsible for converting sunlight into chemical energy?
Answer: d
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.2 Describe the organelles and motility structures commonly found in eukaryotic cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.3 Eukaryotic Cells
42) The rough endoplasmic reticulum appears rough because of _____.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.2 Describe the organelles and motility structures commonly found in eukaryotic cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.3 Eukaryotic Cells
43) The cytoskeleton consists of _____.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.2 Describe the organelles and motility structures commonly found in eukaryotic cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.3 Eukaryotic Cells
44) Which of the following statements about the endosymbiotic hypothesis is false?
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.3 Explain the evidence for the endosymbiosis theory.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.4 Evolution by Endosymbiosis
45) During diffusion, molecules _____.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.4 Describe ways in which molecules may move across a semi-permeable membrane and the phenomena of endocytosis and exocytosis.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.5 The Movement of Substances Across Membranes
46) A charged molecule which moves down its concentration gradient and across a pore in a cell membrane without energy being expended by the cell is experiencing _____.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.4 Describe ways in which molecules may move across a semi-permeable membrane and the phenomena of endocytosis and exocytosis.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.5 The Movement of Substances Across Membranes
47) Osmosis most directly involves:
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.4 Describe ways in which molecules may move across a semi-permeable membrane and the phenomena of endocytosis and exocytosis.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.5 The Movement of Substances Across Membranes
48) When the fluid within a cell has a higher concentration of dissolved substances than the fluid surrounding the cell, we say the fluid surrounding the cell is _____.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.4 Describe ways in which molecules may move across a semi-permeable membrane and the phenomena of endocytosis and exocytosis.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.5 The Movement of Substances Across Membranes
49) A typical bacterial cell has a salt concentration of about 1%. If the cell is placed in a solution containing 10% salt, the net flow of water will be _____.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.4 Describe ways in which molecules may move across a semi-permeable membrane and the phenomena of endocytosis and exocytosis.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.5 The Movement of Substances Across Membranes
50) Which of the following statements about cell walls is false?
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.2 Describe the organelles and motility structures commonly found in eukaryotic cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.3 Eukaryotic Cells
51) Which of the following statements about outer membranes is true?
Answer: a
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
52) Which is the correct ordering of cell wall components starting from outside the cell and going inward?
Answer: a
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
53) Which of the following statements about motility is false?
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.; LO 4.2 Describe the organelles and motility structures commonly found in eukaryotic cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells; Section 4.3 Eukaryotic Cells
54) What is the function of gas-filled vacuoles in aquatic photosynthetic bacteria?
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
55) Attachment pili do all of the following except,
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
56) Which of the following statements is false?
Answer: a
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
57) Endocytosis:
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.4 Describe ways in which molecules may move across a semi-permeable membrane and the phenomena of endocytosis and exocytosis.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.5 The Movement of Substances Across Membranes
58) This type of cell is a _____.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
Wall and D for Cell Membrane; Remove leader lines for all remaining structures]
59) This structure can be Gram positive or Gram negative.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
60) The flagellar arrangement represented in this image is_____.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
Question Type: Essay
61) Give examples of microorganisms that are prokaryotes and eukaryotes. What microorganism does not fit in either category? Describe three differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Answer: Prokaryotes include bacteria. Eukaryotes that are microorganisms include protists (e.g., Amoeba, Paramecium and malaria parasites) and fungi. Both viruses and prions do not fit in either category.
There are three important differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes. First, in eukaryotes, DNA is in a nucleus (surrounded by a nuclear envelope), in prokaryotes it is found in a region but is not in an membrane envelope. Eukaryotes also have organelles (membrane enclosed), which prokaryotes lack. Prokaryotes divide by mitosis, while eukaryotes can divide by both mitosis and meiosis. Other more minor differences include the presence of paired chromosomes, histones, mitotic spindle, cytoskeleton and cilia in eukaryotes and the presence of pili in prokaryotes. In addition the composition and structure of cell walls, ribosomes, and membranes differ.
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.1 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types, describing typical sizes, shapes, and arrangements of bacterial cells.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
62) What supports the idea that prokaryotes were involved in the evolution of eukaryotes by means of endosymbiosis?
Answer: Evidence supporting the idea that prokaryotes were involved in the evolution of eukaryotes comes from the similarity of eukaryotic organelles to prokaryotes and the frequency of endosymbiosis between prokaryotes and eukaryotes in the natural world. Eukaryotic organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts are: the same size as prokaryotes; have their own DNA (whose sequence shows significant homology to the DNA sequences of certain modern prokaryotes), 70Sribosomes and membranes with the same structure as prokaryotes. Protein synthesis within these organelles is carried out like prokaryotes and is inhibited by antibiotics. Organellar DNA division by binary fission is independent of the eukaryotic cell cycle. In addition, there are many present day examples of bacteria living endosymbiotically in eukaryotes and in many of these examples the bacteria perform metabolic functions (similar to mitochondria) or other functions (motility) in exchange for nutrients. This provides mechanistic evidence for the endocytotic function occurring in ages past.
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.3 Explain the evidence for the endosymbiosis theory.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.4 Evolution by Endosymbiosis
63) Three bags, permeable to water but not salt, are placed in beakers containing an isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic solution. Describe how you could determine which beaker was which. If the bag were a cell what would happen to it if it was placed in each beaker.
Answer: The concentration of the dissolved material in the environment compared to the concentration dissolved inside the bag will determine in which direction the water will flow. Water will flow from an area of greater concentration of water to one of lower water concentration (e.g., down a concentration gradient). If there is no water flow, the beaker is isotonic as the bag and environment have the same concentration so there would be equal flow into and out of the bag. If the water flows into the bag, the solution is hypotonic. If the water flows out of the bag the solution is hypertonic.
In the isotonic solution was nothing would happen to the cell. In the hypotonic solution the cell would gain water, swell and may burst. In the hypertonic solution the cell will lose water and shrink.
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 4.4 Describe ways in which molecules may move across a semi-permeable membrane and the phenomena of endocytosis and exocytosis.
Section Reference 1: Section 4.5 The Movement of Substances Across Membranes
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