TEST BANK FOR THE ESSENCE OF ANTHROPOLOGY 4TH EDITION By HAVILAND
Description
WITH ANSWERS
THE ESSENCE OF ANTHROPOLOGY 4TH EDITION By HAVILAND TEST BANK
1. Anthropologists can be considered synthesizers.
ANSWER: |
True |
REFERENCES: |
3 |
OTHER: |
Conceptual |
NOTES: |
Pickup |
|
2. By utilizing a holistic perspective, anthropologists do not experience ethnocentrism in regard to other cultures.
ANSWER: |
False |
REFERENCES: |
3 |
OTHER: |
Conceptual |
NOTES: |
New |
|
3. A North American researcher disapproving of Japanese resistance to organ transplantation is an example of culture-bound theory.
ANSWER: |
True |
REFERENCES: |
4 |
OTHER: |
Conceptual |
NOTES: |
Pickup |
|
4. Anthropologist Elizabeth Guillettes study of the effects of pesticide exposure on childrens performance of normal childhood activities in a Yaqui village in northern Mexico is an example of applied medical anthropology.
ANSWER: |
True |
REFERENCES: |
6 |
OTHER: |
Conceptual |
NOTES: |
Pickup |
|
5. Participant observation means that the anthropologist should be involved in everything that a cultural group does in order to understand their culture.
ANSWER: |
False |
REFERENCES: |
7 |
OTHER: |
Conceptual |
NOTES: |
Modify |
|
6. Only apes have a language as complex as human language.
ANSWER: |
False |
REFERENCES: |
8 |
OTHER: |
Conceptual |
NOTES: |
Pickup |
|
7. Linguistic anthropologists are interested in both spoken and written language.
ANSWER: |
True |
REFERENCES: |
8 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
Pickup |
|
8. Historical linguistics is a primary branch of anthropological linguistics.
ANSWER: |
True |
REFERENCES: |
9 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
New |
|
9. Societies termed prehistoric are those that placed less emphasis on recording and transmitting information.
ANSWER: |
False |
REFERENCES: |
10 |
OTHER: |
Conceptual |
NOTES: |
New |
|
10. When available, historical documents are always preferred to the study of material remains.
ANSWER: |
False |
REFERENCES: |
10 |
OTHER: |
Conceptual |
NOTES: |
Pickup |
|
11. The anthropological study of genes and genetic relationships is known as genetic anthropology.
ANSWER: |
False |
REFERENCES: |
12 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
Pickup |
|
12. Primatology is the study of living and fossil primates.
ANSWER: |
True |
REFERENCES: |
12 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
Pickup |
|
13. All primate species are endangered today.
ANSWER: |
False |
REFERENCES: |
12 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
Pickup |
|
14. Our bones can tell stories about how we lived, including whether we were right-handed or left-handed.
ANSWER: |
True |
REFERENCES: |
13 |
OTHER: |
Conceptual |
NOTES: |
New |
|
15. Studies of growth and development can provide data on the evolutionary history of humans.
ANSWER: |
True |
REFERENCES: |
13 |
OTHER: |
Conceptual |
NOTES: |
Pickup |
|
16. All living humans are members of the same species.
ANSWER: |
True |
REFERENCES: |
12 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
Modify |
|
17. Archaeologists excavate artifacts to study them in isolation.
ANSWER: |
False |
REFERENCES: |
21 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
New |
|
18. The point of reference within a datum is called a grid.
ANSWER: |
False |
REFERENCES: |
22 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
New |
|
19. Chronometric dating is another name for absolute dating.
ANSWER: |
True |
REFERENCES: |
22 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
New |
|
20. Any object made by humans is classified as an artifact.
ANSWER: |
True |
REFERENCES: |
20 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
Pickup |
|
21. Archaeologists use only absolute dating techniques to date fossils.
ANSWER: |
False |
REFERENCES: |
22 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
Pickup |
|
22. Archaeologists frequently use eliciting devices to probe underground sites.
ANSWER: |
False |
REFERENCES: |
25 |
OTHER: |
Conceptual |
NOTES: |
New |
|
23. Ethnographers consider themselves to be key consultants because they work directly with living peoples.
ANSWER: |
False |
REFERENCES: |
24 |
OTHER: |
Conceptual |
NOTES: |
New |
|
24. The American Anthropological Association has recently petitioned to guard the confidentiality of ethnographic notes taken in medical settings and not make them subject to subpoena.
ANSWER: |
True |
REFERENCES: |
26 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
New |
|
25. Maintaining ones own culture is an internationally recognized basic human right.
ANSWER: |
True |
REFERENCES: |
26 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
New |
|
26. Anthropology is well equipped to grapple with globalization.
ANSWER: |
True |
REFERENCES: |
27 |
OTHER: |
Conceptual |
NOTES: |
Pickup |
|
27. Which of the following characteristics uniquely defines the anthropological approach?
|
a. |
a concern with the study of humans |
|
b. |
a focus on human relationships and society |
|
c. |
a focus on humans as biological organisms |
|
d. |
a holistic perspective |
ANSWER: |
d |
REFERENCES: |
3 |
OTHER: |
Pickup |
NOTES: |
Conceptual |
|
28. The holistic anthropological perspective is expansive and inclusive because it seeks to understand:
|
a. |
human nature |
|
b. |
global forces |
|
c. |
biological and cultural homologies |
|
d. |
evolutionary change |
ANSWER: |
a |
REFERENCES: |
3 |
OTHER: |
Modify |
NOTES: |
Conceptual |
|
29. Which of the following is not a primary perspective of anthropology?
|
a. |
a holistic perspective |
|
b. |
an ethnocentric perspective |
|
c. |
a cross-cultural perspective |
|
d. |
an evolutionary perspective |
ANSWER: |
b |
REFERENCES: |
3 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
Modify |
|
30. One aspect that makes anthropology unique among social sciences is its traditional focus on:
|
a. |
peoples of Caucasian and African descent |
|
b. |
European peoples |
|
c. |
non-Western peoples and cultures |
|
d. |
peasants and farmers |
ANSWER: |
c |
REFERENCES: |
4 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
Pickup |
|
31. Which perspectives best guard against culture-bound theories?
|
a. |
multiple cross-cultural perspectives |
|
b. |
a cross-cultural and evolutionary perspective |
|
c. |
an evolutionary and philosophical perspective |
|
d. |
all perspectives guard against culture-bound theories |
ANSWER: |
b |
REFERENCES: |
4 |
OTHER: |
Conceptual |
NOTES: |
Modify |
|
32. Anthropological studies help us trace human connectedness; for example, in exploitative eastern Congolese mines they extract coltan, which we use every day in our:
|
a. |
mobile phones |
|
b. |
diesel cars |
|
c. |
fluorescent lights |
|
d. |
water treatment plants |
ANSWER: |
a |
REFERENCES: |
2 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
New |
|
33. What difference did Margaret Lock find between Japanese and North American perceptions of death?
|
a. |
Japanese are more comfortable harvesting organs from those declared brain dead than North Americans. |
|
b. |
North Americans are more comfortable harvesting organs from those declared brain dead than Japanese. |
|
c. |
Japanese do not use human organ transplants in any medical situation. |
|
d. |
North Americans do not medically classify people as brain dead. |
ANSWER: |
b |
REFERENCES: |
4 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
Modify |
|
34. Individuals within all four subfields of anthropology practice:
|
a. |
ethnological anthropology |
|
b. |
applied anthropology |
|
c. |
development anthropology |
|
d. |
molecular anthropology |
ANSWER: |
b |
REFERENCES: |
5 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
Pickup |
|
35. Which of the following is not a common practice within applied anthropology?
|
a. |
collaboration between anthropologists and community members |
|
b. |
conducting research together as a team with community members |
|
c. |
solving specific problems |
|
d. |
focus on issues primarily of theoretical value |
ANSWER: |
d |
REFERENCES: |
5 |
OTHER: |
Conceptual |
NOTES: |
Modify |
|
36. What is the most significant scientific contribution of Elizabeth Guillettes research on pesticide use among the Yaqui?
|
a. |
It presents scientific evidence that common pesticides cause more problems to adults than to children. |
|
b. |
It highlights the importance of using pesticides to increase production levels for agriculturalists everywhere. |
|
c. |
It suggests that highland indigenous communities may suffer increased effects from pesticides because of high altitude. |
|
d. |
It suggests that pesticide use among agricultural communities may cause health problems worldwide. |
ANSWER: |
d |
REFERENCES: |
6 |
OTHER: |
Conceptual |
NOTES: |
New |
|
37. Another name for cultural anthropology is:
|
a. |
sociology |
|
b. |
ethnology |
|
c. |
sociocultural anthropology |
|
d. |
ethnography |
ANSWER: |
c |
REFERENCES: |
5 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
Pickup |
|
38. Culture is considered anthropologys most distinguishing feature for all of the following reasons except:
|
a. |
The focus on culture intersects with biology, material remains, social behavior, and language. |
|
b. |
Anthropologists use the concept of culture to establish an understanding of those groups in a society that practice culture and those that do not. |
|
c. |
Anthropologists focus on humans as culture-producing and culture-reproducing creatures. |
|
d. |
Understanding culture is integral to each of anthropologys subfields. |
ANSWER: |
b |
REFERENCES: |
7 |
OTHER: |
Conceptual |
NOTES: |
New |
|
39. The detailed description of a particular culture primarily based on fieldwork is called:
|
a. |
ethnology |
|
b. |
ethnography |
|
c. |
forensic anthropology |
|
d. |
molecular anthropology |
ANSWER: |
b |
REFERENCES: |
7 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
Pickup |
|
40. On-location research is also known as:
|
a. |
cultural resource management |
|
b. |
ethnology |
|
c. |
fieldwork |
|
d. |
site research |
ANSWER: |
c |
REFERENCES: |
7 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
Modify |
|
41. Participant observation:
|
a. |
is a research method that involves the anthropologist both observing and participating in another culture |
|
b. |
is an analytical method that uses both cross-cultural data and also informant participation in staged cultural activities |
|
c. |
is used in all subfields and is a primary component of applied anthropology |
|
d. |
is found only in cultural anthropology and is only used when studying in non-Western societies |
ANSWER: |
a |
REFERENCES: |
7 |
OTHER: |
Conceptual |
NOTES: |
New |
|
42. Which of the following best describes ethnology?
|
a. |
cross-cultural comparative research |
|
b. |
detailed description of a particular culture |
|
c. |
study of customary patterns in human behavior |
|
d. |
participant observation research |
ANSWER: |
a |
REFERENCES: |
7 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
Pickup |
|
43. All of the following are approaches that linguistic anthropologists may take except:
|
a. |
studying the way languages change over time |
|
b. |
describing the way that a language is formed |
|
c. |
analyzing which languages are superior |
|
d. |
studying the relation between language and culture |
ANSWER: |
c |
REFERENCES: |
8 |
OTHER: |
Conceptual |
NOTES: |
Pickup |
|
44. Which of the following cases best illustrates the practice of ethnology?
|
a. |
analyzing the patterns of behavior in an indigenous religious ritual |
|
b. |
comparing weddings in France with those in the United States |
|
c. |
studying ways that young children learn to play piano in a Chinese family |
|
d. |
doing participant observation in a rural setting in Taiwan |
ANSWER: |
b |
REFERENCES: |
7 |
OTHER: |
Conceptual |
NOTES: |
New |
|
45. Anthropologist Nancy Scheper-Hughes founded the group Organs Watch as a way to solve the global problem of human organ trafficking. This is an example of:
|
a. |
applied cultural anthropology |
|
b. |
applied biological anthropology |
|
c. |
forensics |
|
d. |
ethnology |
ANSWER: |
a |
REFERENCES: |
8 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
New |
|
46. Linguists estimate today that there are approximately how many human languages?
|
a. |
56 |
|
b. |
800 |
|
c. |
12,000 |
|
d. |
6,000 |
ANSWER: |
d |
REFERENCES: |
8 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
New |
|
47. Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding language today?
|
a. |
Nearly half of the worlds remaining languages will become extinct over the next hundred years. |
|
b. |
Nearly all of the worlds remaining languages will become extinct over the next 50 years. |
|
c. |
Language is currently in a stage of revitalization and growth, and linguists project that more than 200 new languages will emerge in the next 100 years. |
|
d. |
Languages constantly grow, develop, and die and there has never been a net loss of human language. |
ANSWER: |
a |
REFERENCES: |
8 |
OTHER: |
Conceptual |
NOTES: |
New |
|
48. Archaeology is the study of:
|
a. |
human material remains and environmental data |
|
b. |
human fossils |
|
c. |
human skeletal remains |
|
d. |
ancient written documents |
ANSWER: |
a |
REFERENCES: |
10 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
Pickup |
|
49. Shallow, restricted concentrations of charcoal commonly indicate:
|
a. |
hunting sites |
|
b. |
food processing sites |
|
c. |
farming sites |
|
d. |
religious sites |
ANSWER: |
b |
REFERENCES: |
10 |
OTHER: |
Conceptual |
NOTES: |
Pickup |
|
50. The term prehistory refers to a period in which:
|
a. |
people had no means of recording their thoughts |
|
b. |
there was no written record |
|
c. |
people had no history |
|
d. |
humans had not yet diverged from the primate line |
ANSWER: |
b |
REFERENCES: |
10 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
Pickup |
|
51. The study of mummified skeletal remains to provide evidence of early surgery is an example of:
|
a. |
cultural resource management |
|
b. |
bioarchaeology |
|
c. |
medical anthropology |
|
d. |
ethnology |
ANSWER: |
b |
REFERENCES: |
10 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
Modify |
|
52. Which of the following is the most objective source of information for an archaeological site?
|
a. |
official government records |
|
b. |
material remains at the site |
|
c. |
interviews with local people |
|
d. |
objective information varies by site |
ANSWER: |
d |
REFERENCES: |
10 |
OTHER: |
Conceptual |
NOTES: |
New |
|
53. The Garbage Project is an example of:
|
a. |
ethnoarchaeology |
|
b. |
applied anthropology |
|
c. |
bioarchaeology |
|
d. |
prehistoric archaeology |
ANSWER: |
b |
REFERENCES: |
11 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
Modify |
|
54. All of the following are important focal aspects of study in the Garbage Project except:
|
a. |
enforcing measures to decrease consumption levels in the United States |
|
b. |
testing the process of decay for biodegradable materials |
|
c. |
understanding differences between what people say and what they do |
|
d. |
understanding contemporary social issues affecting a United States population |
ANSWER: |
a |
REFERENCES: |
11 |
OTHER: |
Conceptual |
NOTES: |
Modify |
|
55. Which of the following federal acts provides for the protection and return of Native American cultural items or human remains?
|
a. |
Native American Preservation of Historic and Prehistoric Places Act of 1984 |
|
b. |
Native American Environmental Policy Act of 1969 |
|
c. |
Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990 |
|
d. |
Archaeological and Historical Preservation Act of 1974 |
ANSWER: |
c |
REFERENCES: |
11 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
Modify |
|
56. All of the following are characteristics of the study of biological anthropology except:
|
a. |
primatology |
|
b. |
human adaptation |
|
c. |
human growth and development |
|
d. |
ethnology |
ANSWER: |
d |
REFERENCES: |
12 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
Pickup |
|
57. Molecular anthropology is the anthropological study of:
|
a. |
pottery and prehistoric technology |
|
b. |
genes and genetic relationships |
|
c. |
chemical reactions associated with soil typology |
|
d. |
exchange networks and trade |
ANSWER: |
b |
REFERENCES: |
12 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
Modify |
|
58. Paleoanthropology can best be described as the study of:
|
a. |
Paleolithic hunters |
|
b. |
genetic commonalities among the primates |
|
c. |
early human toolmaking |
|
d. |
human evolution |
ANSWER: |
d |
REFERENCES: |
12 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
Pickup |
|
59. How is paleoanthropology unique among evolutionary studies?
|
a. |
It takes a biocultural approach. |
|
b. |
It focuses on nonhuman primates. |
|
c. |
It traces the biological relationships between different human species. |
|
d. |
It considers humans to be primates and related to monkeys. |
ANSWER: |
a |
REFERENCES: |
12 |
OTHER: |
Conceptual |
NOTES: |
Pickup |
|
60. Archaeologists are especially interested in features known as middens because they provide information on:
|
a. |
ancient trash that would include artifacts that people used and consumed |
|
b. |
minerals that early populations used for mining and the production of tools |
|
c. |
water sources that ancient people used for agriculture and household use |
|
d. |
architectural data that indicate where household sites and temples were located |
ANSWER: |
a |
REFERENCES: |
10 |
OTHER: |
Conceptual |
NOTES: |
New |
|
61. Genetic analyses indicate that the first human ancestors likely originated:
|
a. |
10 to 15 million years ago |
|
b. |
7 to 10 million years ago |
|
c. |
5 to 8 million years ago |
|
d. |
2 to 5 million years ago |
ANSWER: |
c |
REFERENCES: |
12 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
Modify |
|
62. Which of the following is not usually studied by primatologists?
|
a. |
living and fossil primates |
|
b. |
socioeconomic status |
|
c. |
primate anatomy |
|
d. |
contemporary tool use |
ANSWER: |
b |
REFERENCES: |
12 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
Modify |
|
63. Anthropologists commonly study the basis of healthy human growth among living populations through all of the following except:
|
a. |
physiology |
|
b. |
genetics |
|
c. |
hormonal development |
|
d. |
linguistics |
ANSWER: |
d |
REFERENCES: |
12 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
Pickup |
|
64. Franz Boas found that one of the major physical differences between first-generation immigrants to the United States and their children was in the area of:
|
a. |
intelligence |
|
b. |
longevity |
|
c. |
height |
|
d. |
weight |
ANSWER: |
c |
REFERENCES: |
12 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
Modify |
|
65. The enlargement of the right heart ventricle among Quechua Indians is a developmental adaptation to:
|
a. |
cold weather |
|
b. |
high altitude |
|
c. |
poor nutrition |
|
d. |
farming |
ANSWER: |
b |
REFERENCES: |
13 |
OTHER: |
Conceptual |
NOTES: |
Modify |
|
66. Short-term biological changes in response to particular environmental stimuli are referred to as:
|
a. |
cultural adaptations |
|
b. |
environmental adaptations |
|
c. |
physiological adaptations |
|
d. |
biosocial adaptations |
ANSWER: |
c |
REFERENCES: |
13 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
Pickup |
|
67. The identification of human skeletal remains is the primary focus of:
|
a. |
primatology |
|
b. |
physical anthropology |
|
c. |
molecular anthropology |
|
d. |
forensic anthropology |
ANSWER: |
d |
REFERENCES: |
13 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
Pickup |
|
68. The relationships between a forensic anthropologist and a forensic archaeologist can be likened to that between:
|
a. |
a coroner and a pathologist |
|
b. |
a forensic crime investigator and a funeral director |
|
c. |
a forensic pathologist and a crime scene investigator |
|
d. |
a police investigator and a crime scene investigator |
ANSWER: |
c |
REFERENCES: |
13 |
OTHER: |
Conceptual |
NOTES: |
Pickup |
|
69. Clyde Snow is a well-known forensic anthropologist associated internationally with cases of:
|
a. |
human rights abuses |
|
b. |
corporal punishment |
|
c. |
imprisonment and federal execution |
|
d. |
ancient prehistoric burials |
ANSWER: |
a |
REFERENCES: |
14 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
New |
|
70. Forensic anthropologist Karen Burns investigated alleged atrocities in northern Iraq following the 1991 Gulf War. She established that one individual was murdered (and not buried by his family) simply through evidence of:
|
a. |
a large skull fracture on the left side of the cranium |
|
b. |
a gun buried beside the individual |
|
c. |
two polyester threads attached to his legs |
|
d. |
two cotton shrouds wrapping his lower body |
ANSWER: |
c |
REFERENCES: |
14 |
OTHER: |
Conceptual |
NOTES: |
New |
|
71. What most distinguishes anthropology from other sciences is:
|
a. |
its focus on humans as the central topic of study |
|
b. |
its use of biological data |
|
c. |
its use of social observations |
|
d. |
the diversity of ways in which scientific research is conducted |
ANSWER: |
d |
REFERENCES: |
15 |
OTHER: |
Conceptual |
NOTES: |
Pickup |
|
72. What does it mean to say that Anthropology is an empirical science?
|
a. |
It focuses on the study of humans. |
|
b. |
It works with hypotheses based on intuition. |
|
c. |
It is based on sensory observations. |
|
d. |
It involves both qualitative and quantitative methods. |
ANSWER: |
c |
REFERENCES: |
14 |
OTHER: |
Conceptual |
NOTES: |
Modify |
|
73. What are the basic ingredients of science according to the authors?
|
a. |
creativity and imagination |
|
b. |
imagination and skepticism |
|
c. |
skepticism and creativity |
|
d. |
rationalism and imagination |
ANSWER: |
b |
REFERENCES: |
15 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
Pickup |
|
74. An explanation supported by a reliable body of data is called a:
|
a. |
hypothesis |
|
b. |
law |
|
c. |
theory |
|
d. |
fact |
ANSWER: |
c |
REFERENCES: |
16 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
Pickup |
|
75. In the Original Study, what did the scientists find at Ukkuqsi?
|
a. |
a small girl buried in her toboggan and under part of the covering of a kayak |
|
b. |
a small girl who was believed to be related to the same species as famous Lucy; she was called Lucys child |
|
c. |
a burial chamber with many artifacts and fossils associated with Inupiat daily life |
|
d. |
a skeleton of a man dated at around 9,300 years ago and named Kennewick Man |
ANSWER: |
a |
REFERENCES: |
18 |
OTHER: |
Conceptual |
NOTES: |
New |
|
76. Anthropologists work to establish the reliability of the research conclusions. This is known as:
|
a. |
reflexivity |
|
b. |
validity |
|
c. |
culture |
|
d. |
displacement |
ANSWER: |
b |
REFERENCES: |
16 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
New |
|
77. All of the following are archaeological and paleoanthropological methods except:
|
a. |
analyzing artifacts |
|
b. |
analyzing material culture |
|
c. |
processing fossils |
|
d. |
doing oral life histories |
ANSWER: |
d |
REFERENCES: |
20 |
OTHER: |
Factual |
NOTES: |
Pickup |
|
78. The preserved remains of plants and animals that have lived in the past are called:
|
a. |
fossils |
|
b. |
artifacts |
|
c. |
casts |
|
d. |
mummies |
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