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Test Bank For Essentials Of Physical Anthropology 3rd Edition By Clark Spencer Larsen
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Test Bank For Essentials Of Physical Anthropology 3rd Edition By Clark Spencer Larsen
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WITH ANSWERS
Essentials Of Physical Anthropology 3rd Edition By Clark Spencer Larsen Test Bank
CHAPTER 01: What Is Physical Anthropology?
MULTIPLE CHOICE
- Before AD 1000, what did the people of St. Catherines Island eat?
| a. | They ate wild animals, fish, and wild plants. |
| b. | They ate bison and salmon. |
| c. | They were vegetarians and ate wild plants exclusively. |
| d. | They ate mostly fruit. |
ANS: A DIF: Easy
OBJ: Characterize the importance of the biocultural approach to anthropological inquiry
TOP: What is physical anthropology? MSC: Remembering
- What was the cause of the biological change in the indigenous people of St. Catherines Island after AD 1000?
| a. | They became sedentary and had less food to eat because they stayed in the same area. |
| b. | They became sedentary and consumed more corn, which caused dental disease due to its high sugar content. |
| c. | They became sedentary and did not have enough exercise to keep their bodies fit and healthy. |
| d. | They continued as nomads, but loss of animals due to climate change created a decline in their food source. |
ANS: D DIF: Easy
OBJ: Characterize the importance of the biocultural approach to anthropological inquiry
TOP: What is physical anthropology? MSC: Understanding
- What can be learned from studying a population through time?
| a. | We can learn that lifestyles do not change over time. |
| b. | We can learn that diets, and therefore human biology, change through time. |
| c. | We can learn that consuming the wrong foods over time does little to population health. |
| d. | We can learn that human physiology does not change through time. |
ANS: B DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Characterize the importance of the biocultural approach to anthropological inquiry
TOP: What is physical anthropology? MSC: Understanding
- Physical anthropologists seek to study:
| a. | humans from a cultural perspective. |
| b. | humans from a biological perspective only. |
| c. | humans from a biological and cultural perspective. |
| d. | human behavior only. |
ANS: C DIF: Easy
OBJ: Explain the differences and similarities among the four branches of anthropology
TOP: What is physical anthropology? MSC: Understanding
- Physical anthropologists view how humans come to be the way they are as the result of:
| a. | their biological makeups, which primarily define who they are. |
| b. | both evolutionary history and their own individual life histories. |
| c. | what their genes make them; environment has very little effect. |
| d. | their environment; genes have very little effect. |
ANS: B DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Explain the differences and similarities among the four branches of anthropology
TOP: What is physical anthropology? MSC: Understanding
- Physical anthropologists:
| a. | travel around the world to investigate human populations. |
| b. | study living populations. |
| c. | study primates like lemurs, monkeys, and apes. |
| d. | travel around the world to investigate human populations; study living populations, and study primates like lemurs, monkeys, and apes. |
ANS: D DIF: Easy
OBJ: Identify several different research areas in physical anthropology
TOP: What is physical anthropology? MSC: Remembering
- Primates are:
| a. | a group of mammals that share traits like forward-facing eyes, fingernails, and large brains. |
| b. | often species with a long snout. |
| c. | diverse species that live in various types of environments. |
| d. | both a. and c. |
ANS: D DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Identify several different research areas in physical anthropology
TOP: What is physical anthropology? MSC: Remembering
- Physical anthropologists study what type of science?
| a. | astrological | c. | social |
| b. | biological | d. | biological and social |
ANS: D DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Explain the differences and similarities among the four branches of anthropology
TOP: What is physical anthropology? MSC: Remembering
- Bipedalism in primates means:
| a. | walking on two feet. | c. | walking using two legs and a tail. |
| b. | walking on four feet. | d. | swinging from branch to branch. |
ANS: A DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Identify the six major attributes that separate humans from animals
TOP: What is so different about humans from other animals? MSC: Remembering
- What are three key attributes related to human uniqueness?
| a. | eating, sleeping, and watching television |
| b. | increased hunting, speech, and dependence on domesticated food |
| c. | hunting, avoiding predators, and tool making |
| d. | sleeping, hunting, and making clothing |
ANS: B DIF: Easy
OBJ: Identify the six major attributes that separate humans from animals
TOP: What is so different about humans from other animals? MSC: Remembering
- What makes it possible for humans to accumulate an amazing amount of information over long periods of time?
| a. | social learning | c. | social media |
| b. | television | d. | mimicry |
ANS: A DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Explain the importance of the six major attributes that distinguish humans from animals
TOP: What is so different about humans from other animals? MSC: Understanding
- Archaeologists:
| a. | study primate evolution. |
| b. | devote most of their effort to recovering artifacts and building museum collections. |
| c. | study past human societies, focusing mostly on their material remains. |
| d. | primarily study the evolution of language. |
ANS: C DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Explain the differences and similarities among the four branches of anthropology
TOP: The four branches of anthropology MSC: Remembering
- An archaeological field school is announced in your anthropology course. The description says that you will travel to Belize to learn about the lives of the ancient Mayans. What, primarily, do you expect to learn during this field school?
| a. | what species of nonhuman primate occupies this region |
| b. | how current populations of immigrants have changed local dialects |
| c. | how to excavate and study material culture |
| d. | how to socially navigate life in a Central American setting |
ANS: C DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Explain the differences and similarities among the four branches of anthropology
TOP: The four branches of anthropology MSC: Analyzing
- The scientific method:
| a. | relies on making hunches about the natural world. |
| b. | involves empirical data collection and hypothesis testing. |
| c. | is used to support preconceived notions or theories. |
| d. | seeks to establish the absolute scientific truth. |
ANS: B DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Explain the four steps involved in doing science (i.e., the scientific method)
TOP: How do we know what we know? MSC: Understanding
- A hypothesis is:
| a. | another word for a theory. |
| b. | a testable statement that potentially explains specific phenomena observed in the natural world. |
| c. | a statement concerning scientific facts assumed to be true. |
| d. | unable to be refuted by future investigations. |
ANS: B DIF: Moderate OBJ: Distinguish between hypotheses and theories
TOP: How do we know what we know? MSC: Understanding
- The hypothesis that the origin of human bipedalism was linked to a shift from life in the trees to life on the ground in the grasslands of Africa:
| a. | has been upheld by subsequent scientific data on human origins. |
| b. | was developed in consultation with genetic and fossil evidence. |
| c. | has been rejected recently subsequent to new fossil evidence. |
| d. | has become a scientific law. |
ANS: A DIF: Moderate OBJ: Distinguish between hypotheses and theories
TOP: How do we know what we know? MSC: Remembering
- How is biocultural anthropology different from cultural anthropology?
| a. | Biocultural anthropology combines cultural studies with archaeology. |
| b. | Biocultural anthropology studies the interrelationship between what humans have inherited genetically and culture; cultural anthropology studies diverse cultures and societies. |
| c. | It is strictly a biological science. |
| d. | It considers culture to be a by-product of our biological histories. |
ANS: B DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Characterize the importance of the biocultural approach to anthropological inquiry
TOP: What is anthropology? MSC: Analyzing
- Bipedalism is considered one of the hallmarks of hominid evolution because it:
| a. | was the first evolutionary development that distinguished humans from other animals. |
| b. | was possible only after the advent of simple material culture. |
| c. | followed brain expansion in human evolution. |
| d. | allowed hominids to come out of the trees and make tools 10 mya. |
ANS: A DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Explain the importance of the six major attributes that distinguish humans from animals
TOP: What is so different about humans from other animals? MSC: Understanding
- How is a theory different from a hypothesis?
| a. | A hypothesis explains observations and cannot be refuted by new evidence. |
| b. | A theory is an explanation based upon controversial facts. |
| c. | A theory is an explanation that has been carefully examined and tested. |
| d. | A theory has been less thoroughly tested than a hypothesis. |
ANS: C DIF: Easy OBJ: Distinguish between hypotheses and theories
TOP: How do we know what we know? MSC: Understanding
- Physical anthropology as a discipline is NOT concerned with:
| a. | skeletal pathology. |
| b. | primate behavior. |
| c. | the construction and use of language by human societies. |
| d. | human evolution. |
ANS: C DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Identify several different research areas in physical anthropology
TOP: What is physical anthropology? MSC: Understanding
- Forensic anthropologists:
| a. | focus their work on skeletal analysis of individuals. |
| b. | study skeletal remains from past human populations. |
| c. | study the evolution of human skeletal traits. |
| d. | do not work outside academia. |
ANS: A DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Identify several different research areas in physical anthropology
TOP: Anthropology matters MSC: Understanding
- Just before the arrival of the Spanish on St. Catherines Island, people there:
| a. | were primarily fishermen. | c. | became the first farmers of the region. |
| b. | had adopted maize agriculture. | d. | were vegetarians by choice. |
ANS: B DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Characterize the importance of the biocultural approach to anthropological inquiry
TOP: What is physical anthropology? MSC: Remembering
- In the context of physical anthropology, a disadvantaged social environment includes one:
| a. | with minimal access to technology. |
| b. | with no transportation system. |
| c. | with poor-quality nutrition. |
| d. | where most people do not know how to read. |
ANS: C DIF: Easy
OBJ: Characterize the importance of the biocultural approach to anthropological inquiry
TOP: What is physical anthropology? MSC: Analyzing
- The results of a disadvantaged social environment include:
| a. | poor health, reduced height, and shortened life expectancy. |
| b. | poor speech and excessive eating habits. |
| c. | poor reading comprehension. |
| d. | an inability to think critically and develop long-term planning. |
ANS: A DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Characterize the importance of the biocultural approach to anthropological inquiry
TOP: What is physical anthropology? MSC: Analyzing
- The study of physical anthropology varies in that some physical anthropologists study:
| a. | potential for life on other planets. |
| b. | the interaction between domestic animals and disease. |
| c. | extinct and living species of primates. |
| d. | changes in marine life. |
ANS: C DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Identify several different research areas in physical anthropology
TOP: What is physical anthropology? MSC: Analyzing
- What makes us human?
| a. | physiology, culture, and planning | c. | physiology, behavior, and religion |
| b. | biology, culture, and religion | d. | biology, culture, and behavior |
ANS: D DIF: Easy
OBJ: Identify the six major attributes that separate humans from animals
TOP: What is so different about humans from other animals? MSC: Remembering
- Anthropology views humans as:
| a. | primates and religious beings. | c. | biological and cultural beings. |
| b. | primates, religious, and cultural beings. | d. | cultural and religious beings. |
ANS: C DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Characterize the importance of the biocultural approach to anthropological inquiry
TOP: Answering the big questions MSC: Understanding
- The four branches of anthropology are:
| a. | archaeological, geological, geographical, and biological. |
| b. | physical, biological, cultural, and linguistic. |
| c. | cultural, linguistic, geological, and physical. |
| d. | physical, archaeological, cultural, and linguistic. |
ANS: D DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Explain the differences and similarities among the four branches of anthropology
TOP: Answering the big questions MSC: Remembering
- Which is the study of evolution and variation in humans?
| a. | physical anthropology | c. | linguistic anthropology |
| b. | archaeology | d. | cultural anthropology |
ANS: A DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Explain the differences and similarities among the four branches of anthropology
TOP: Answering the big questions MSC: Remembering
- To increase early humans chances of hunting success, hunting:
| a. | was led by females. |
| b. | was conducted with lithic tools and cooperative strategies. |
| c. | was always well planned with a diagram. |
| d. | strategies were developed to include children as bait. |
ANS: B DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Identify the six major attributes that separate humans from animals
TOP: Answering the big questions MSC: Understanding
- Human production of stone or lithic tools is an example of:
| a. | linguistic comprehension. | c. | material culture. |
| b. | subsistence strategies. | d. | ideology. |
ANS: C DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Identify the six major attributes that separate humans from animals
TOP: The six big events of human evolution MSC: Remembering
ESSAY
- Discuss the difference between a hypothesis and a theory. Why is the distinction important?
ANS:
A theory is an explanation that has been confirmed through careful examination and testing of evidence. Hypotheses explain observations, but they have not been tested.
The distinction is important, since a hypothesis that becomes a theory has been tested via the scientific method and has thereby been through rigorous controls. A hypothesis has not been tested and will remain a hypothesis until it has been tested. To confuse the two is a great error, because one implies rigor while the other is only a basic explanation with no substance to it.
DIF: Moderate OBJ: Distinguish between hypotheses and theories
TOP: How we know what we know: the scientific method MSC: Evaluating
- Discuss the steps of the scientific method.
ANS:
The scientific method includes an observation, development of a hypothesis, experimentation, data collection, and conclusions. Data are used to test hypotheses, possible explanations for the processes under study, by observing and then rejecting or accepting the hypotheses. After observations are collected, scientists develop a theory, which is an explanation, not just a description, of phenomena.
DIF: Moderate OBJ: Explain the steps involved in doing science (i.e., the scientific method)
TOP: How we know what we know: the scientific method MSC: Analyzing
- Provide an imaginary example of the proper use of the scientific method.
ANS:
This answer should include only examples of what can be tested. The students response should include each step of the scientific method along with a fictional conclusion. This question may even be used on the first day of class as an icebreaker of sorts after a thorough lecture on the scientific method.
DIF: Difficult OBJ: Explain the steps involved in doing science (i.e., the scientific method)
TOP: How we know what we know: the scientific method MSC: Creating
- Discuss the value of the scientific method in our society.
ANS:
The response should include discussions of pharmaceutical and medical testing. The student should comprehend the value of testing and retesting data. For example, do immunization shots administered all at once increase the childs likelihood to develop autism? The answer, we know, is that they do not; however, previous doctored data were used to claim that they do, causing millions of parents all over the world to reduce inoculations or completely neglect them, thereby increasing the incidence of diseasefor example, the number of whooping cough cases in the United States.
DIF: Difficult
OBJ: Explain the four steps involved in doing science (i.e., the scientific method)
TOP: How we know what we know: the scientific method MSC: Evaluating
- Discuss the six key attributes that make humans unique relative to other species.
ANS:
The six distinguishing features of humanity are bipedalism, nonhoning chewing, complex material culture and tool use, hunting, speech, and dependence on domesticated food. The commitment to walking on two legs is usually considered the most profound physical difference between humans and other primates. After bipedalism, according to the fossil record, the large honing canine tooth was lost as a result of the ability to make and use tools for processing food. Culture, pervasive for humans, is defined in the text as learned behavior, transmitted from person to person, that facilitates survival through adaptation to varied settings. Material culture is the part of culture that is expressed as objects that humans use to manipulate our environment. The archaeological record of past cultures material remains goes back to the simple rock tools that date from 2.5 mya. Humans require some form of technology to regulate temperature, acquire food, and so on in our varied environments. Some chimpanzees and other primates have simple material culture and even nonmaterial culture. Humans other key attributeshunting, speech, and dependence on domesticated foodsappeared much later in human evolution. Hunting refers to cooperative hunting, which likely emerged 1 million or more years ago. Speech is very distinctive of humans but difficult to pinpoint in the fossil record. Domestication of foods is the most recently developed unique human behavior, usually traced to 10,000 years ago. Increasing dependence on culture for survival makes us quite distinct among species and necessitates a biocultural approach to both human origins and human behavior.
DIF: Difficult OBJ: Identify the six major attributes that separate humans from animals
TOP: What is so different about humans from other animals? MSC: Analyzing
CHAPTER 03: Genetics: Reproducing Life and Producing Variation
MULTIPLE CHOICE
- Somatic cells include all of the following EXCEPT:
| a. | lung cells. | c. | skin cells. |
| b. | gametes. | d. | neurons. |
ANS: B DIF: Easy
OBJ: Explain the difference between the two types of eukaryotic cells
TOP: The cell MSC: Remembering
- Prokaryotes first appeared:
| a. | 10,000 years ago. | c. | 3.5 bya. |
| b. | 1 mya. | d. | 65 mya. |
ANS: C DIF: Easy
OBJ: Describe the major parts of a cell and the function of the organelles
TOP: The cell MSC: Remembering
- _______ DNA is heteroplasmic, meaning it can differ among different parts of a persons body.
| a. | Nuclear | c. | Ribosomal |
| b. | All | d. | Mitochondrial |
ANS: D DIF: Easy
OBJ: Explain what mtDNA is and why it is important in research about both modern and ancient humans TOP: The DNA molecule MSC: Remembering
- Nucleotide bases in nuclear DNA include all of the following EXCEPT:
| a. | thymine. | c. | uracil. |
| b. | adenine. | d. | cytosine. |
ANS: C DIF: Easy
OBJ: Identify the four nitrogen bases of DNA and explain how they combine
TOP: DNA: the blueprint of life MSC: Remembering
- The following are complementary bases in DNA:
| a. | adenine and thymine. | c. | guanine and thymine. |
| b. | adenine and cytosine. | d. | guanine and uracil. |
ANS: A DIF: Easy
OBJ: Identify the four nitrogen bases of DNA and explain how they combine
TOP: The DNA molecule MSC: Remembering
- DNA replication produces:
| a. | four identical daughter cells. | c. | two single strands of DNA. |
| b. | two identical copies of itself. | d. | four single strands of DNA. |
ANS: B DIF: Easy OBJ: Explain how DNA reproduces itself
TOP: The DNA molecule MSC: Remembering
- In mammals, the male parents gametes determine the sex of his offspring because:
| a. | the X chromosome originates only from females. |
| b. | sperm are more powerful than eggs. |
| c. | the Y chromosome is present in males only. |
| d. | the X chromosome determines sex. |
ANS: C DIF: Moderate OBJ: Describe the human karyotype
TOP: The cell: its role in reproducing life and producing variation
MSC: Remembering
- Gametes are:
| a. | diploid. | c. | produced during mitosis. |
| b. | haploid. | d. | somatic. |
ANS: B DIF: Easy OBJ: Describe and/or draw the process of meiosis
TOP: The cell: its role in reproducing life and producing variation
MSC: Remembering
- Haplotypes are:
| a. | not likely to recombine during crossovers. |
| b. | likely to recombine during crossovers. |
| c. | genes that code for similar things. |
| d. | genetic material that come from one parent only. |
ANS: A DIF: Moderate OBJ: Describe and/or draw the process of meiosis
TOP: Meiosis: production of gametes MSC: Remembering
- Down syndrome can occur:
| a. | as a result of translocation during mitosis. |
| b. | because of nondisjunction, which yields an extra chromosome. |
| c. | most frequently in the offspring of women under the age of 40. |
| d. | most frequently in the offspring of men under the age of 40. |
ANS: B DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Describe and/or draw the process of meiosis | Describe the human karyotype
TOP: Meiosis: production of gametes MSC: Remembering
- In his work on pea plants, Mendel found that plant height was inherited independently of the type or color of the seed coat. This finding:
| a. | applies only to genes on the same chromosome. |
| b. | demonstrates the law of independent assortment. |
| c. | explains gene linkage. |
| d. | explains inheritance only in simple organisms. |
ANS: B DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Define Mendels law of segregation and law of independent assortment and explain their importance to the study of genetics TOP: Polymorphisms: variations in specific genes
MSC: Remembering
- DNA is important for protein synthesis because it:
| a. | is the biological code for the production of hormones and enzymes. |
| b. | serves as a template to which amino acids are attached in protein production. |
| c. | provides the code to produce proteins. |
| d. | transfers information from RNA to proteins. |
ANS: D DIF: Easy
OBJ: Describe the process of protein synthesis and the roles that DNA and RNA play
TOP: Producing proteins: the other function of DNA MSC: Remembering
- Proteins consist of:
| a. | genes. | c. | chains of DNA nucleotides. |
| b. | RNA plus mRNA. | d. | chains of amino acids. |
ANS: D DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Describe the process of protein synthesis and the roles that DNA and RNA play
TOP: Producing proteins: the other function of DNA MSC: Remembering
- Transcription:
| a. | occurs in the nucleus. |
| b. | occurs in the ribosome. |
| c. | results in the production of proteins. |
| d. | results in the transformation of mitochondria. |
ANS: A DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Describe the process of protein synthesis and the roles that DNA and RNA play
TOP: Producing proteins: the other function of DNA MSC: Remembering
- RNA differs from DNA in that it uses:
| a. | uracil instead of adenine. | c. | guanine instead of uracil. |
| b. | uracil instead of guanine. | d. | uracil instead of thymine. |
ANS: D DIF: Easy
OBJ: Describe the process of protein synthesis and the roles that DNA and RNA play
TOP: Producing proteins: the other function of DNA MSC: Remembering
- Transfer RNA:
| a. | seeks complementary triplet strands of mRNA codons. |
| b. | contains codons that correspond to specific amino acids. |
| c. | brings amino acids together to form polypeptide chains. |
| d. | all of the above |
ANS: D DIF: Easy
OBJ: Describe the process of protein synthesis and the roles that DNA and RNA play
TOP: Producing proteins: the other function of DNA MSC: Remembering
- The gene responsible for lactose persistence among adults in Europe is a _______ gene.
| a. | structural | c. | regulatory |
| b. | dominant | d. | Hox |
ANS: C DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Distinguish between the role of regulatory and structural genes
TOP: Genes: structural and regulatory MSC: Remembering
- Hox genes:
| a. | appear to function in similar ways across diverse groups of organisms. |
| b. | function only in fruit flies. |
| c. | control which amino acids get plugged into polypeptide chains. |
| d. | control the development of language in humans. |
ANS: A DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Explain the importance of homeotic (Hox) genes and what effects a mutation in these genes could have TOP: Genes: structural and regulatory MSC: Remembering
- Meiosis results in the production of:
| a. | two gametes. | c. | a single gamete. |
| b. | four gametes. | d. | none of the above |
ANS: B DIF: Easy
OBJ: Describe the process of protein synthesis and the roles that DNA and RNA play
TOP: Genes: structural and regulatory MSC: Remembering
- Homeotic (Hox) genes are:
| a. | structural genes. |
| b. | responsible for the development and location of key body parts. |
| c. | responsible for determining the sex of offspring. |
| d. | not used during embryonic development. |
ANS: B DIF: Easy
OBJ: Explain the importance of homeotic (Hox) genes and what effects a mutation in these genes could have TOP: Meiosis: production of gametes MSC: Remembering
- Human ABO blood types are determined by:
| a. | regulatory genes. | c. | multiple genes. |
| b. | multiple alleles. | d. | homeotic genes. |
ANS: B DIF: Easy
OBJ: Explain why the one gene-one protein model of genetics is not completely correct
TOP: Polymorphisms: variations in specific genes MSC: Remembering
- Microsatellites are:
| a. | small satellite transmitters used in genetic research. |
| b. | useful for determining group but not individual identification. |
| c. | highly individualized repetitive stretches of nuclear DNA. |
| d. | known from Watson and Cricks 1950s research. |
ANS: C DIF: Easy
OBJ: Explain why the one gene-one protein model of genetics is not completely correct
TOP: Polymorphisms: variations in specific genes MSC: Remembering
- An individual that is homozygous at the locus that determines ABO blood type may have any of the following EXCEPT type _______ blood.
| a. | AB | c. | A |
| b. | O | d. | B |
ANS: A DIF: Easy
OBJ: Explain why the one gene-one protein model of genetics is not completely correct
TOP: Polymorphisms: variations in specific genes MSC: Remembering
- Individuals whose blood type is A and who carry both dominant and recessive genes at this locus have a genotype of:
| a. | AA. | c. | AB. |
| b. | AO. | d. | OO. |
ANS: B DIF: Easy
OBJ: Explain why the one gene-one protein model of genetics is not completely correct
TOP: Polymorphisms: variations in specific genes MSC: Applying
- The presence of a recessive allele:
| a. | can always be determined from the phenotype. |
| b. | can be masked in the phenotype. |
| c. | is expressed in the phenotype alongside a dominant allele. |
| d. | can never be expressed in the phenotype. |
ANS: B DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Explain the difference between phenotype and genotype
TOP: Genotypes and phenotypes: genes and their expressions MSC: Remembering
- The expression of polygenic traits is:
| a. | never determined by the influence of environmental factors. |
| b. | determined by genes at several loci. |
| c. | determined by multiple genes at one locus. |
| d. | determined solely by the influence of environmental factors. |
ANS: B DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Explain why the one gene-one protein model of genetics is not completely correct
TOP: The complexity of genetics MSC: Remembering
- A traits heritability is the proportion of its variation that:
| a. | is genetic. |
| b. | cannot be explained. |
| c. | is the product of genes and environment. |
| d. | results from the environment alone. |
ANS: A DIF: Easy
OBJ: Explain the difference between phenotype and genotype TOP: The complexity of genetics
MSC: Remembering
- In 2004, the Human Genome Project published a human genome map indicating that _______ genes are responsible for the human bodys proteins.
| a. | 100,000 | c. | 20,00025,000 |
| b. | 50,000 | d. | 200,000250,000 |
ANS: C DIF: Easy
OBJ: Define the goals and accomplishments of the Human Genome Project
TOP: Anthropology matters! The Human Genome Project: a genetic revolution
MSC: Remembering
- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR):
| a. | allows us to use genetic methods to explore the origins and movements of populations. |
| b. | is used to amplify tiny sequences of DNA for study. |
| c. | allows us to study small amounts of DNA available in ancient skeletons. |
| d. | all of the above |
ANS: D DIF: Easy OBJ: Identify methods used to study DNA
TOP: How do we know? Ancient DNA opens new windows on the past
MSC: Remembering
- Genetic analysis of haplotypes and variants among living and precontact Native Americans indicates that Native Americans:
| a. | underwent a huge decline in genetic diversity after Columbuss arrival in the New World. |
| b. | living today appear to be as diverse genetically as their ancient ancestors thousands of years ago. |
| c. | have a genetic structure and haplogroups that are quite recent. |
| d. | living today appear to be more diverse genetically than their ancient ancestors. |
ANS: B DIF: Moderate OBJ: Identify methods used to study DNA
TOP: How do we know? Ancient DNA opens new windows on the past
MSC: Remembering
- Somatic cells are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:
| a. | each includes a nucleus at some stage of its development. |
| b. | they are used in multiple tissues throughout the body. |
| c. | each contains half a copy of an organisms DNA. |
| d. | each contains a complete copy of all of an organisms DNA. |
ANS: C DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Explain the difference between the two types of eukaryotic cells
TOP: The cell: its role in reproducing life and producing variation
MSC: Remembering
- Homologous chromosomes:
| a. | are genetically identical. |
| b. | carry genetic information that influences the same traits. |
c.<
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