Test Bank for Professional Nursing Practice Concepts and Perspectives 7th Edition By Blais & Hayes

Test Bank for Professional Nursing Practice Concepts and Perspectives 7th Edition By Blais & Hayes

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WITH ANSWERS

Test Bank of Professional Nursing Practice Concepts and Perspectives 7th Edition By Blais & Hayes

Blais/Hayes, Test Item File for Professional Nursing Practice: Concepts and Perspectives, 7e

Chapter 4: Ethical Foundations of Professional Nursing

Question 1

What are the processes for acquiring values?

1. Prescribed by the dominant religion.
2. Formal education and study.
3. Discussions with clergy.
4. Choosing, prizing, and acting.

Correct Answer: 4

Rationale: The valuing process includes cognitive, affective, and behavioral components, referred to as choosing, prizing, and acting. While people may be exposed to a value system through religion, by formal education and study, and through discussions with clergy, these avenues only introduce a value. The person must then choose to adopt the value as his or her own.

Cognitive Level: Understanding

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: II.A.1. Describe own strengths, limitations, and values in functioning as a member of a team.

AACN Essential Competencies: VII.3. Assess health/illness beliefs, values, attitudes, and practices of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations.

NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Ethical Comportment; Show respect for others values; Appreciate diversity.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Assessment; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 2. Explain how nurses can help clients clarify their values to facilitate ethical decision-making.

Page Number: p. 55

 

Question 2

Which statement about values is correct?

1. Most everyone adopts the same values.
2. Once adopted, values are not changed.
3. Values clarification is associated with personal growth.
4. People must have values identified for them.

Correct Answer: 3

Rationale: Values clarification promotes personal growth by fostering awareness, empathy, and insight. A principle of values clarification is that no one set of values is right for everyone. When people are able to identify their values, they can retain or change them based on freely chosen values.

Cognitive Level: Remembering

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: II.A.1. Describe own strengths, limitations, and values in functioning as a member of a team.

AACN Essential Competencies: VII.3. Assess health/illness beliefs, values, attitudes, and practices of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations.

NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Ethical Comportment; Show respect for others values; Appreciate diversity.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Assessment; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 2. Explain how nurses can help clients clarify their values to facilitate ethical decision-making.

Page Number: p. 55

 

Question 3

The nurse has a strong personal value system and is concerned that these values may conflict with the values of a newly assigned nursing unit. What should the nurse do? (Select all that apply.)

1. Identify personal values.
2. Be watchful for situations in which there may be a values conflict.
3. Hold personal values in check if it is still possible to provide effective care.
4. Refuse to be transferred to this unit.
5. Discuss the situation with the nursing supervisor.

Correct Answer: 1, 2, 3, 5

Rationale: In order to identify potential values conflicts, the nurse must first be aware of his or her personal value system. The nurse should be watchful for situations in which a values conflict may occur so that unrecognized conflict will not interfere with care. If possible, the nurse should hold personal values in check as long as effectiveness and quality of care are not compromised. If a values conflict occurs, the nurse should discuss the situation with the nursing supervisor. If this nurse has already accepted this assignment, refusal to provide care may constitute abandonment, which is not ethical and could result in action against the nurses license to practice.

Cognitive Level: Applying

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: II.A.1. Describe own strengths, limitations, and values in functioning as a member of a team.

AACN Essential Competencies: VII.3. Assess health/illness beliefs, values, attitudes, and practices of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations.

NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Ethical Comportment; Show respect for others values; Appreciate diversity.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Implementation; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 2. Explain how nurses can help clients clarify their values to facilitate ethical decision-making.

Page Number: p. 55

 

Question 4

The client has made a difficult decision to refuse treatment for a potentially curable malignancy. The nurse asks the client, How are you going to tell your spouse about this decision? What is the nurse attempting to assess?

1. Whether the client has considered all of the treatment options available.
2. Whether the client was able to choose freely among treatment options.
3. Whether the client is prepared to act on the decision.
4. Whether the client feels good about the decision made.

Correct Answer: 3

Rationale: This question helps to determine whether the client is prepared to act on the decision made. A question to assess whether the client has considered all of the treatment options available would be something like, What are the benefits and risks of your decision? A question to assess whether the client was able to choose freely among treatment options would be something like, Did you have any say or choice in this decision? A question to assess whether the client feels good about the decision made would be something like, How do you feel about your decision?

Cognitive Level: Analyzing

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: II.A.1. Describe own strengths, limitations, and values in functioning as a member of a team.

AACN Essential Competencies: VII.3. Assess health/illness beliefs, values, attitudes, and practices of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations.

NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Ethical Comportment; Show respect for others values; Appreciate diversity.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Assessment; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 2. Explain how nurses can help clients clarify their values to facilitate ethical decision-making.

Page Number: p. 56

 

Question 5

The nurse educator asks the nursing student about the difference in standards between codes of ethics and legal standards. Which response by the student indicates the greatest level of understanding?

1. Standards in codes of ethics and legal standards are generally the same.
2. Codes of ethics are much higher standards than legal standards.
3. Legal standards are much higher than codes of ethics standards.
4. Codes of ethics are usually higher, and can be no lower, than legal standards.

Correct Answer: 4

Rationale: Codes of ethics have standards that are generally higher than those of legal standards, and they can never be less that the legal standards of the profession. The standards are not the same, but are generally similar, so it is neither correct to state that codes of ethics are much higher than legal standards nor the reverse.

Cognitive Level: Analyzing

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: II.A.1. Describe own strengths, limitations, and values in functioning as a member of a team.

AACN Essential Competencies: VIII.1. Demonstrate the professional standards of moral, ethical, and legal conduct.

NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Ethical Comportment; Show respect for others values; Appreciate diversity.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Evaluation; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 5. Explain the uses and limitations of professional codes of ethics.

Page Number: p. 61

 

Question 6

How is the Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretative Statements most useful for nurses?

1. It gives direction for actions as related to specific cases of ethical dilemma.
2. It gives suggestions for use in cases of general-duty ethical dilemma.
3. It is best used to make suggestions to solve problems in critical situations.
4. It offers general guidelines for the ethical delivery of nursing care.

Correct Answer: 4

Rationale: Codes of ethics give general guidelines for how the profession believes ethical care should be delivered. There are no specific guidelines for cases in general duty or in critical situations and no guidelines for specific cases.

Cognitive Level: Applying

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: II.A.1. Describe own strengths, limitations, and values in functioning as a member of a team.

AACN Essential Competencies: VIII.1. Demonstrate the professional standards of moral, ethical, and legal conduct.

NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Ethical Comportment; Show respect for others values; Appreciate diversity.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Implementation; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 5. Explain the uses and limitations of professional codes of ethics.

Page Number: p. 62

 

Question 7

What is the framework for nurses to use for decision making in an ethical dilemma?

1. The ANA social policy statement
2. The Bible
3. The ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses
4. The nurse practice act

Correct Answer: 3

Rationale: The ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses provides the framework for nurses to use for decision making in an ethical dilemma. The other options may provide some help in making decisions, but the Code is the standard for ethical issues.

Cognitive Level: Applying

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: II.A.1. Describe own strengths, limitations, and values in functioning as a member of a team.

AACN Essential Competencies: VIII.1. Demonstrate the professional standards of moral, ethical, and legal conduct.

NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Ethical Comportment; Show respect for others values; Appreciate diversity.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Implementation; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 5. Explain the uses and limitations of professional codes of ethics.

Page Number: p. 62

 

Question 8

Which scenario represents a nurse working at Kohlbergs preconventional stage of moral development?

1. The nurse agrees to work overtime today if he or she can have a weekend shift off.
2. The nurse agrees to work overtime today to gain the approval of the new nursing supervisor.
3. The nurse agrees to work overtime today because the hospital administration has released a rule stating that each nurse must work one overtime shift per month.
4. The nurse agrees to work overtime today because the other nurse who was asked to work the overtime shift needs to attend his or her childs school play.

Correct Answer: 1

Rationale: At the preconventional level, the person takes action to satisfy personal needs. At the conventional level, the person takes action to please another and to gain approval as in the option regarding the new nursing supervisor. When the nurse takes an action to follow a rule as in the option regarding the rule stating that each nurse must work one overtime shift per month, he or she is also working at the conventional level. The postconventional level is represented by the remaining option in which the nurse respects the other nurses need and acts to protect the interests of another.

Cognitive Level: Analyzing

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: II.A.1. Describe own strengths, limitations, and values in functioning as a member of a team.

AACN Essential Competencies: VIII.1. Demonstrate the professional standards of moral, ethical, and legal conduct.

NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Ethical Comportment; Show respect for others values; Appreciate diversity.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Evaluation; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 1. Discuss how cognitive development, values, moral frameworks, and codes of ethics affect decision-making.

Page Number: p. 57

 

Question 9

According to Gilligan, which statement is true?

1. Men usually follow the moral development path of nonviolence.
2. Women usually follow the moral development path of equality.
3. Men usually follow the moral development path of fairness.
4. Women usually follow the moral development path of justice.

Correct Answer: 3

Rationale: According to Gilligan, for women moral maturity is less a matter of abstract, impersonal justice or equality and more an ethic of caring relationships. Men generally follow the path of justice or fairness, based upon the idea that everyone should receive the same treatment. Women typically follow the path of caring, which is based upon the premise of nonviolence: that no one should be harmed or abandoned.

Cognitive Level: Understanding

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: II.A.1. Describe own strengths, limitations, and values in functioning as a member of a team.

AACN Essential Competencies: VIII.1. Demonstrate the professional standards of moral, ethical, and legal conduct.

NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Ethical Comportment; Show respect for others values; Appreciate diversity.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Assessment; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 1. Discuss how cognitive development, values, moral frameworks, and codes of ethics affect decision-making.

Page Number: p. 58

 

Question 10

What knowledge or skill must the nurse possess to make the best use of the teleologic theory of ethics in decision-making?

1. Ability to predict the outcome of decisions.
2. What the rules are concerning the decision to be made.
3. Ability to see how good character traits impact the decision.
4. What the central caring goal of the decision is.

Correct Answer: 1

Rationale: In teleology, the ends justify the means, and applying this requires that the person be able to predict the outcomes of actions when making decisions. Concern for rules reflects the deontologic focus. Good character traits are associated with virtue ethics. Caring is a separate basis of nursing ethics.

Cognitive Level: Applying

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: II.A.1. Describe own strengths, limitations, and values in functioning as a member of a team.

AACN Essential Competencies: VIII.1. Demonstrate the professional standards of moral, ethical, and legal conduct.

NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Ethical Comportment; Show respect for others values; Appreciate diversity.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Planning; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 1. Discuss how cognitive development, values, moral frameworks, and codes of ethics affect decision-making.

Page Number: p. 59

 

Question 11

The nurse who is faced with an ethical dilemma refers to the Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretative Statements for guidance. What help can the nurse expect from this document?

1. Specific guidelines for common ethical issues.
2. Some ideas of the ethics of nursing that are negotiable depending upon circumstance.
3. The basis for ethical analyzing and decision making for nurses practicing in the United States.
4. A lengthy description of the need for ethical behavior and decision making in nursing

Correct Answer: 3

Rationale: The Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretative Statements is a statement of the ethical obligations and duties of every individual who enters the nursing profession in the United States. It is succinct, not lengthy, and is nonnegotiable. There are no specific guidelines for individual cases; instead it is an expression of nursings own understanding of ethics and its commitment to society.

Cognitive Level: Understanding

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: II.A.1. Describe own strengths, limitations, and values in functioning as a member of a team.

AACN Essential Competencies: VIII.1. Demonstrate the professional standards of moral, ethical, and legal conduct.

NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Ethical Comportment; Show respect for others values; Appreciate diversity.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Planning; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 1. Discuss how cognitive development, values, moral frameworks, and codes of ethics affect decision-making.

Page Number: p. 62

 

Question 12

The nurse has a strong personal belief that life begins at conception. Can this nurse legally refuse to assist with an abortion?

1. Yes, but only if there is no health danger to the mother if the abortion is not performed.
2. Yes; most states have conscience clauses or provisions to protect the nurse in this situation.
3. No; if the nurse has willingly taken a job where assisting with an abortion is a possibility, he or she cannot refuse to assist.
4. No; because abortions are considered medical procedures, the nurse is ethically required to assist.

Correct Answer: 2

Rationale: Assisting with an abortion is an ethical decision that each nurse must make. Most states have provisions known as conscience clauses that permit individual physicians and nurses, as well as institutions, to refuse to assist with an abortion if doing so violates their religious or moral principles. Nurses are not required to violate their religious or moral principles and may choose to leave a position in a facility that provides abortions. The health danger to the mother is not a factor in the nurses decision.

Cognitive Level: Analyzing

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: II.A.1. Describe own strengths, limitations, and values in functioning as a member of a team.

AACN Essential Competencies: VIII.1. Demonstrate the professional standards of moral, ethical, and legal conduct.

NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Ethical Comportment; Show respect for others values; Appreciate diversity.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Planning; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 6. Discuss common bioethical issues currently facing healthcare professionals.

Page Number: p. 67

 

Question 13

The nurse has been caring for a ventilator-dependent patient for several days. The family has made the decision to withdraw ventilatory support. How should the nurse interpret this decision?

1. As active euthanasia
2. As illegal euthanasia
3. As passive euthanasia
4. As alleviation euthanasia

Correct Answer: 3

Rationale: There are two types of euthanasia discussed in the textbook: active and passive. Withdrawal of life-sustaining technology is considered passive euthanasia. Active euthanasia is purposefully doing something that will result in the clients death, such as knowingly and purposefully administering a medication overdose. Alleviation and illegal are not forms of euthanasia discussed in the textbook.

Cognitive Level: Analyzing

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: II.A.1. Describe own strengths, limitations, and values in functioning as a member of a team.

AACN Essential Competencies: IX.18. Develop an awareness of patients as well as healthcare professionals spiritual beliefs and values, and how those beliefs and values impact health care.

NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Ethical Comportment; Show respect for others values; Appreciate diversity.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Assessment; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 6. Discuss common bioethical issues currently facing healthcare professionals.

Page Number: p. 67

 

Question 14

What ethical issues arise from organ donation and transplantation? (Select all that apply.)

1. Allocation of organs.
2. Selling of organs.
3. Advanced consent for donation.
4. Involvement of children as donors.
5. Cloning for the manufacture of organs.

Correct Answer: 1, 2, 4, 5

Rationale: The ethical issues that arise from organ donation and transplantation include allocation of organs, selling of organs, involvement of children as donors, and cloning for the manufacture of organs. Advanced consent for donation is a way to assure that the wishes of the donor are followed, which helps to avoid an ethical situation.

Cognitive Level: Understanding

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: II.A.1. Describe own strengths, limitations, and values in functioning as a member of a team.

AACN Essential Competencies: VIII.1. Demonstrate the professional standards of moral, ethical, and legal conduct.

NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Ethical Comportment; Show respect for others values; Appreciate diversity.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Implementation; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 6. Discuss common bioethical issues currently facing healthcare professionals.

Page Number: p. 68

 

Question 15

What is the major ethical argument related to allocation of health resources?

1. The question of whether health care is a right or a privilege.
2. How to provide low-cost prescription medication to low-income persons.
3. Whether physician or nurse practitioners provide the most cost-effective care.
4. Whether medication therapy is superior to diet therapy in the control of chronic illness.

Correct Answer: 1

Rationale: All of these options are ethical dilemmas faced by healthcare providers, but the major argument is whether health care is a right or a privilege. The other options reflect this basic argument.

Cognitive Level: Analyzing

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: II.A.1. Describe own strengths, limitations, and values in functioning as a member of a team.

AACN Essential Competencies: VIII.1. Demonstrate the professional standards of moral, ethical, and legal conduct.

NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Ethical Comportment; Show respect for others values; Appreciate diversity.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Assessment; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 6. Discuss common bioethical issues currently facing healthcare professionals.

Page Number: p. 68

 

Question 16

What is the major benefit of ethics education courses that include both nursing students and medical students?

1. The nursing students learn how difficult medical school is.
2. The medical students learn how difficult nursing school is.
3. It helps bring about better team communication in practice.
4. Both groups learn that medicine is a business, not just a service.

Correct Answer: 3

Rationale: Interdisciplinary education courses including both nursing students and medical students would have all of these options as benefits. The major benefit is that they bring about better team communication in practice.

Cognitive Level: Analyzing

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: II.A.1. Describe own strengths, limitations, and values in functioning as a member of a team.

AACN Essential Competencies: VIII.1. Demonstrate the professional standards of moral, ethical, and legal conduct.

NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Ethical Comportment; Show respect for others values; Appreciate diversity.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Assessment; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 3. Analyze ways in which nurses can enhance their ethical decision-making abilities.

Page Number: p. 69

 

Question 17

Why are nurses valuable members of ethics committees?

1. They have more time to work on committees than many healthcare providers.
2. Their wages are lower than many disciplines so it is more cost effective.
3. They are direct and to the point and make decisions quickly.
4. They frequently have more contact with clients and families than other disciplines.

Correct Answer: 4

Rationale: Nurses are valuable because they have more direct contact with clients and families than any other discipline. They do not have any more time than others to work on committees. Nursing salaries are higher than many disciplines. Although nurses can make quick decisions, this is not a quality that is beneficial in an ethics committee.

Cognitive Level: Analyzing

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: II.A.1. Describe own strengths, limitations, and values in functioning as a member of a team.

AACN Essential Competencies: VIII.1. Demonstrate the professional standards of moral, ethical, and legal conduct.

NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Ethical Comportment; Show respect for others values; Appreciate diversity.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Assessment; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 3. Analyze ways in which nurses can enhance their ethical decision-making abilities.

Page Number: p. 69

 

Question 18

The nurse wishes to participate in educational ethics rounds at the hospital. What is essential in these rounds?

1. The client must give consent.
2. The group must be interdisciplinary.
3. These rounds must be conducted privately.
4. The cases must be hypothetical.

Correct Answer: 1

Rationale: Ethics rounds use hypothetical or real cases and incorporate the traditional rounding approach to education whereby discussions may be held at the clients bedside. The client must give consent. These ethics rounds may or may not be interdisciplinary.

Cognitive Level: Applying

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: II.A.1. Describe own strengths, limitations, and values in functioning as a member of a team.

AACN Essential Competencies: VIII.1. Demonstrate the professional standards of moral, ethical, and legal conduct.

NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Ethical Comportment; Show respect for others values; Appreciate diversity.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Assessment; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 3. Analyze ways in which nurses can enhance their ethical decision-making abilities.

Page Number: p. 70

 

Question 19

To what does the moral principle of nonmaleficence refer?

1. Truth telling
2. Duty to do no harm
3. Faithfulness
4. Doing good

Correct Answer: 2

Rationale: Nonmaleficence is duty to do no harm. Veracity is truth telling. Fidelity is faithfulness. Beneficence is doing good.

Cognitive Level: Understanding

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: II.A.1. Describe own strengths, limitations, and values in functioning as a member of a team.

AACN Essential Competencies: VIII.1. Demonstrate the professional standards of moral, ethical, and legal conduct.

NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Ethical Comportment; Show respect for others values; Appreciate diversity.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Assessment; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 4. Identify the moral principles involved in ethical decision-making.

Page Number: p. 60

 

Question 20

To what does the moral principle of beneficence refer?

1. Truth telling
2. Duty to do no harm
3. Faithfulness
4. Doing good

Correct Answer: 4

Rationale: Beneficence is doing good. Veracity is truth telling. Nonmaleficence is duty to do no harm. Fidelity is faithfulness.

Cognitive Level: Understanding

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: II.A.1. Describe own strengths, limitations, and values in functioning as a member of a team.

AACN Essential Competencies: VIII.1. Demonstrate the professional standards of moral, ethical, and legal conduct.

NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Ethical Comportment; Show respect for others values; Appreciate diversity.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Assessment; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 4. Identify the moral principles involved in ethical decision-making.

Page Number: p. 60

 

Question 21

To what does the moral principle of fidelity refer?

1. Truth telling
2. Duty to do no harm
3. Faithfulness
4. Doing good

Correct Answer: 3

Rationale: Fidelity is faithfulness. Veracity is truth telling. Nonmaleficence is duty to do no harm. Beneficence is doing good.

Cognitive Level: Understanding

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: II.A.1. Describe own strengths, limitations, and values in functioning as a member of a team.

AACN Essential Competencies: VIII.1. Demonstrate the professional standards of moral, ethical, and legal conduct.

NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Ethical Comportment; Show respect for others values; Appreciate diversity.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Assessment; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 4. Identify the moral principles involved in ethical decision-making.

Page Number: p. 60

 

Question 22

To what does the moral principle of veracity refer?

1. Truth telling
2. Duty to do no harm
3. Faithfulness
4. Doing good

Correct Answer: 1

Rationale: Veracity is truth telling. Nonmaleficence is duty to do no harm. Fidelity is faithfulness. Beneficence is doing good.

Cognitive Level: Understanding

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: II.A.1. Describe own strengths, limitations, and values in functioning as a member of a team.

AACN Essential Competencies: VIII.1. Demonstrate the professional standards of moral, ethical, and legal conduct.

NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Ethical Comportment; Show respect for others values; Appreciate diversity.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Assessment; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 4. Identify the moral principles involved in ethical decision-making.

Page Number: p. 60

 

Question 23

What is the focus of client advocacy?

1. The nurse is responsible for the clients health.
2. The nurse should influence the client to make the right decision.
3. The focus is respect for the clients decisions and enhancement of autonomy.
4. Emphasis is on correcting the clients reported weaknesses.

Correct Answer: 3

Rationale: Client advocacy is focused on respect of the clients decision-making and enhancement of the clients autonomy. The nurse should assist the client with decision-making, but not influence the decision. The nurse is not responsible for the clients health; that is the clients responsibility. The nurse is not responsible for correcting the clients weaknesses.

Cognitive Level: Understanding

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: II.A.1. Describe own strengths, limitations, and values in functioning as a member of a team.

AACN Essential Competencies: VIII.1. Demonstrate the professional standards of moral, ethical, and legal conduct.

NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Ethical Comportment; Show respect for others values; Appreciate diversity.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Assessment; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 7. Describe the advocacy role of the nurse.

Page Number: p. 72

 

Question 24

The nurse working at the bedside traditionally participates in which advocacy role? (Select all that apply.)

1. Legal
2. Self
3. Collective
4. Class
5. Citizen

Correct Answer: 2, 5

Rationale: The bedside nurse is most likely to participate in self-advocacy and citizen advocacy roles. Self-advocacy refers to supporting the nurses needs at work and the client and family needs in health care. Citizen advocacy is concerned primarily with empowering people through an individual relationship, so bedside nurses also work in this role. Legal advocacy is more limited to attorneys or other court-appointed agents. Collective or class advocacy refers to relatively large organizations that pursue the interests of a category of people.

Cognitive Level: Applying

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: II.A.1. Describe own strengths, limitations, and values in functioning as a member of a team.

AACN Essential Competencies: VIII.1. Demonstrate the professional standards of moral, ethical, and legal conduct.

NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Ethical Comportment; Show respect for others values; Appreciate diversity.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Implementation; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 7. Describe the advocacy role of the nurse.

Page Number: p. 70

 

Question 25

Which attribute is necessary for the nurse who wishes to be a client advocate?

1. Restricting work to those areas in which the nurse has expertise and experience.
2. Referring any political action needs to a political action committee.
3. Avoiding conflicts with physicians and healthcare agency administrators.
4. Being assertive in representing the needs of the client and family.

Correct Answer: 4

Rationale: The client advocate nurse must be assertive in representing the needs of the client and family. The nurse must be willing to become politically active and to work in areas and with agencies that are unfamiliar. The nurse must also be aware that conflicts with physicians, agency administrators, and others in health care may arise in the advocacy role and must accept this conflict rather than trying to avoid it.

Cognitive Level: Applying

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: II.A.1. Describe own strengths, limitations, and values in functioning as a member of a team.

AACN Essential Competencies: VIII.1. Demonstrate the professional standards of moral, ethical, and legal conduct.

NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Ethical Comportment; Show respect for others values; Appreciate diversity.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Implementation; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 7. Describe the advocacy role of the nurse.

Page Number: p. 71

 

Question 26

The nurse is assisting a client with values clarification. In which order should the nurse suggest that the client complete the steps in this process?

1. Choose freely
2. List alternatives
3. Act on the choice
4. Affirm the choice
5. Act with a pattern
6. Feed good about the choice
7. Examine consequences of choices

Correct Answer: 2, 7, 1, 6, 4, 3, 5

Rationale: The following steps may help clients clarify their values: 1. list alternatives; 2. examine possible consequences of choices; 3. choose freely; 4. feel good about the choice; 5. affirm the choice; 6. act on the choice; and 7. act with a pattern.

Cognitive Level: Applying

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: II.A.1. Describe own strengths, limitations, and values in functioning as a member of a team.

AACN Essential Competencies: VIII.1. Demonstrate the professional standards of moral, ethical, and legal conduct.

NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Ethical Comportment; Show respect for others values; appreciate diversity.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Implementation; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 2. Explain how nurses can help clients clarify their values to facilitate ethical decision-making.

Page Number: p. 56

 

Question 27

The nurse is preparing an education seminar that focuses on moral development. In which order should the nurse explain Kohlbergs stages?

1. Instrumentalism/self-interest
2. Good boy/good girl
3. Obedience and punishment
4. Social contract
5. Law and order
6. Universal moral principle

Correct Answer: 3, 1, 2, 5, 4, 6

Rationale: Kohlbergs stages of moral development are: 1. obedience and punishment; 2. instrumentalism/self-interest; 3. good boy/good girl; 4. law and order; 5. social contract; and 6. universal moral principle.

Cognitive Level: Applying

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: II.A.1. Describe own strengths, limitations, and values in functioning as a member of a team.

AACN Essential Competencies: VIII.1. Demonstrate the professional standards of moral, ethical, and legal conduct.

NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Ethical Comportment; Show respect for others values; Appreciate diversity.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Implementation; Teaching/Learning

Learning Outcome: 4. Identify the moral principles involved in ethical decision-making.

Page Number: p. 57

 

Question 28

The nurse is participating on a committee to address an ethical dilemma. The bioethical decision-making process will be used. In which order should the steps of this process be implemented?

1. Implement the action.
2. Evaluate the action taken.
3. Identify ethical theories and principles.
4. Gather relevant facts related to the issue.
5. Develop alternative actions and project outcomes.

Correct Answer: 4, 3, 5, 1, 2

Rationale: The steps in the bioethical decision-making process are as follows: 1. gather relevant facts related to the issue; 2. identify ethical theories and principles; 3. develop alternative actions and project outcomes; 4. implement the action; and 5. evaluate the action taken.

Cognitive Level: Applying

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: II.A.1. Describe own strengths, limitations, and values in functioning as a member of a team.

AACN Essential Competencies: VIII.1. Demonstrate the professional standards of moral, ethical, and legal conduct.

NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Ethical Comportment; Show respect for others values; Appreciate diversity.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Implementation; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 6. Discuss common bioethical issues currently facing healthcare professionals.

Page Number: pp. 6566

 

Blais/Hayes, Test Item File for Professional Nursing Practice: Concepts and Perspectives, 7e

Chapter 12: The Nurses Role as Political Advocate

Question 1

How can power be defined?

1. Position within an organization
2. Control over events
3. Authority to act
4. Potential to influence events

Correct Answer: 4

Rationale: One definition of power that is discussed in the textbook is power is the potential capacity to influence events, cause change, initiate action, and control outcomes. Authority is assigned by position within an organization and is associated with authority to act and with control over events.

Cognitive Level: Understanding

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: II.B.3. Act with integrity, consistency, and respect for differing views.

AACN Essential Competencies: V.11. Participate as a nursing professional in political processes and grassroots legislative efforts to influence healthcare policy.

NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Knowledge; Health care economic policy.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Assessment; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 1. Discuss the role that power plays in nursing practice.

Page Number: p. 232

 

Question 2

From which source does legitimate power within an organization come?

1. Expert remembering
2. Perceived ability to reward others
3. Formal job position
4. Charisma and personal charm

Correct Answer: 3

Rationale: Legitimate, or positional, power derives from ones formal job position or title in an organization. Expert, or knowledge, power is derived from ones expertise, talents, and skills. Reward power is derived from the perception of ones abilities to bestow rewards or favors on others. Referent, or charismatic, power is derived from an individuals own vision, sense of self, and ability to communicate these so that others regard the person with admiration and are motivated to follow.

Cognitive Level: Understanding

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: II.B.3. Act with integrity, consistency, and respect for differing views.

AACN Essential Competencies: V.11. Participate as a nursing professional in political processes and grassroots legislative efforts to influence healthcare policy.

NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Knowledge; Health care economic policy.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Assessment; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 1. Discuss the role that power plays in nursing practice.

Page Number: p. 232

 

Question 3

Which source of power is associated with talents and skills?

1. Expert
2. Coercive
3. Legitimate
4. Reward

Correct Answer: 1

Rationale: Expert, or knowledge, power is derived from ones expertise, talents, and skills. Coercive power arises from the perception of ones ability to threaten, harm, or punish others. Legitimate, or positional, power derives from ones formal job position or title in an organization. Reward power is derived from the perception of ones abilities to bestow rewards or favors on others.

Cognitive Level: Understanding

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: II.B.3. Act with integrity, consistency, and respect for differing views.

AACN Essential Competencies: V.11. Participate as a nursing professional in political processes and grassroots legislative efforts to influence healthcare policy.

NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Knowledge; Health care economic policy.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Assessment; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 1. Discuss the role that power plays in nursing practice.

Page Number: p. 233

 

Question 4

Which option describes Benners concept of transformative power?

1. A healing relationship
2. Assisting someone to change self-image
3. Helping someone navigate the healthcare bureaucracy
4. Assisting a client to return to normal life

Correct Answer: 2

Rationale: Transformative power represents the ability of a nurse to assist clients to change their views of reality or their own self-image. Healing power is the nurses capacity to establish a healing relationship and a healing climate with a client. Helping someone navigate the healthcare bureaucracy is advocacy power. Integrative power is the nurses ability to assist a client to return to a normal life.

Cognitive Level: Understanding

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: II.B.3. Act with integrity, consistency, and respect for differing views.

AACN Essential Competencies: V.11. Participate as a nursing professional in political processes and grassroots legislative efforts to influence healthcare policy.

NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Knowledge; Health care economic policy.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Assessment; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 1. Discuss the role that power plays in nursing practice.

Page Number: p. 234

 

Question 5

Benner identified six types of power used by nurses. With which concept are these powers associated?

1. Becoming
2. Caring
3. Curing
4. Healing

Correct Answer: 2

Rationale: Benner describes six types of power the nurses use when dealing with clients and significant others. These are powers that are associated with caring. Benners six types of power are not associated with becoming, curing, or healing.

Cognitive Level: Understanding

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: II.B.3. Act with integrity, consistency, and respect for differing views.

AACN Essential Competencies: V.11. Participate as a nursing professional in political processes and grassroots legislative efforts to influence healthcare policy.

NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Knowledge; Health care economic policy.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Assessment; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 1. Discuss the role that power plays in nursing practice.

Page Number: p. 234

 

Question 6

What is the meaning of the word politics?

1. Campaigning for legislative candidates
2. Joining a political action committee
3. Having expert power
4. Influencing the allocation of scarce resources

Correct Answer: 4

Rationale: According to Mason, Leavitt, and Chaffee (2012, p. 5), politics can be defined as influencingspecifically, influencing the allocation of scarce resources. Defined in this way, the word denotes more than action in the governmental arena; it is also applicable to every sphere of life where resources are limited and more than one person or group competes for them. Campaigning for a legislative candidate and joining a political action committee are political activities, but do not define the word politics. Having expert power does not define the word politics.

Cognitive Level: Understanding

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: II.B.3. Act with integrity, consistency, and respect for differing views.

AACN Essential Competencies: V.11. Participate as a nursing professional in political processes and grassroots legislative efforts to influence healthcare policy.

NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Knowledge; Health care economic policy.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Assessment; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 2. Discuss the relevance of political action to nursing.

Page Number: p. 235

 

Question 7

What kind of resource allocation does politics influence?

1. Only monetary
2. Mainly personal resources
3. Any limited resource
4. Primarily those at a national level

Correct Answer: 3

Rationale: The definition of politics is that it influences allocation of limited resources. These resources may be monetary, personal, or of other focus and can be at a national, state, local, or personal level.

Cognitive Level: Applying

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: II.B.3. Act with integrity, consistency, and respect for differing views.

AACN Essential Competencies: V.11. Participate as a nursing professional in political processes and grassroots legislative efforts to influence healthcare policy.

NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Knowledge; Health care economic policy.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Planning; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 2. Discuss the relevance of political action to nursing.

Page Number: p. 236

 

Question 8

Which is true of nursing and politics?

1. Nurses have little political influence.
2. Nurses have been involved in politics for years.
3. Politics in a new arena for nursing.
4. There is no reason for nurses to be involved in politics.

Correct Answer: 2

Rationale: Nurses must be aware of their political influence, which is substantial. Nurses have been involved in the political arena from the days of Nightingale. Nurses should be involved in politics to influence policies regarding health care issues.

Cognitive Level: Applying

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: II.B.3. Act with integrity, consistency, and respect for differing views.

AACN Essential Competencies: V.11. Participate as a nursing professional in political processes and grassroots legislative efforts to influence healthcare policy.

NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Knowledge; Health care economic policy.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Assessment; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 2. Discuss the relevance of political action to nursing.

Page Number: p. 236

 

Question 9

Which nurse used contacts with powerful men in government to obtain needed personnel and supplies for wounded soldiers in the Crimea?

1. Harriet Tubman
2. Florence Nightingale
3. Lillian Wald
4. Margaret Sanger

Correct Answer: 2

Rationale: The nurse who influenced the health and welfare of soldiers in the Crimea was Florence Nightingale. The other nurses listed in the options were also politically active, but not in the Crimea.

Cognitive Level: Remembering

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: II.B.3. Act with integrity, consistency, and respect for differing views.

AACN Essential Competencies: V.11. Participate as a nursing professional in political processes and grassroots legislative efforts to influence healthcare policy.

NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Knowledge; Health care economic policy.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Assessment; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 2. Discuss the relevance of political action to nursing.

Page Number: p. 236

 

Question 10

What is a strategy used to influence political decisions?

1. Demanding change
2. Acting as an individual
3. Negotiating
4. Complaining to peers

Correct Answer: 3

Rationale: Negotiation is a give-and-take process between individuals and groups to work out differences of opinions regarding the best solution to an issue. Negotiation is a standard strategy used to influence political decisions. Demanding change and complaining to peers are not meaningful ways to influence others. Acting as a group is more successful than acting as an individual.

Cognitive Level: Understanding

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: II.B.3. Act with integrity, consistency, and respect for differing views.

AACN Essential Competencies: V.11. Participate as a nursing professional in political processes and grassroots legislative efforts to influence healthcare policy.

NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Knowledge; Health care economic policy.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Planning; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 3. Explain various strategies used to influence political decision-making.

Page Number: p. 236

 

Question 11

The nurse has been invited to an informal nursing networking meeting at a church close to the hospital where she works. What should the nurse expect to encounter at this meeting?

1. A requirement to pledge money to the group by paying dues.
2. A focus on getting to know the others attending.
3. Presence of the local television networks news anchor.
4. A plea to support the church by donating time to events.

Correct Answer: 2

Rationale: Informal networking meetings are designed for those attending to get to know one another. Because these are informal meetings and not associated with a formal, national group, there is no requirement to pay dues. Networking is not associated with television networks. The focus is on nursing networking, not support of the church where the meeting is held.

Cognitive Level: Applying

Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Client Need Sub: Management of Care

QSEN Competencies: II.B.3. Act with integrity, consistency, and respect for differing views.

AACN Essential Competencies: V.11. Participate as a nursing professional in political processes and grassroots legislative efforts to influence healthcare policy.

NLN Competencies: Context and Environment; Knowledge; Health care economic policy.

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Implementation; Nursing Process

Learning Outcome: 3. Explain various strategies used to influence political decision-making.

Page Number: pp. 236237

 

Question 12

In which activities do political action committees (PACs) primarily engage?

1. Developing organizational policies
2. Collective bargaining
3. Endorsing political candidates for office
4. Filing civil lawsuits

Correct Answer: 3

Rationale: Members of the PAC provide additional donations or pay dues to support the organizations activities because general membership fees in any nonprofit organization cannot be used to support these activities. A primary activity of a PAC is to endorse candidates for public office and provide an avenue for professional political a

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