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Craft, Gordon: Understanding Pathophysiology, 2nd Edition
Chapter 02: Homeostasis
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
a. | keeps the body in a static state. |
b. | works towards a dynamic equilibrium. |
c. | modifies the external environment to protect bodily function. |
d. | maintains variables at one precise set point. |
ANS: B REF: p 21
a. | 7.357.45. |
b. | 7.257.55. |
c. | 7.257.85. |
d. | 7.357.55. |
ANS: A REF: p 21
a. | blood pH should always have the same value but sometimes hospital equipment is not accurate. |
b. | normal blood pH values occur within a range rather than a set point. |
c. | Toms first reading was not normal, but his blood pH was corrected in time for the second reading. |
d. | normal blood pH occurs anywhere within the range 7.25-7.55. |
ANS: B REF: p 21
a. | cytoplasm. |
b. | plasma fluid. |
c. | interstitial fluid. |
d. | intravascular fluid. |
ANS: C REF: p 21
a. | interstitial compartment. |
b. | intravascular compartment. |
c. | extracellular compartment. |
d. | intracellular compartment. |
ANS: D REF: p 22
a. | 50%. |
b. | 60%. |
c. | 70%. |
d. | 80%. |
ANS: B REF: p 22
a. | one-third |
b. | one-quarter |
c. | three-quarters |
d. | two-thirds |
ANS: A REF: p 22
a. | oxygen and carbon dioxide move from the blood into the cell. |
b. | oxygen and carbon dioxide move from the cell into the blood. |
c. | carbon dioxide and lactic acid move from the blood into the cell. |
d. | carbon dioxide and lactic acid move from the cell into the blood. |
ANS: D REF: p 22
a. | sodium |
b. | potassium |
c. | calcium |
d. | carbon |
ANS: B REF: p 23
a. | sodium |
b. | potassium |
c. | calcium |
d. | A and C only |
ANS: D REF: p 23
a. | During neuron signalling, most of the sodium is in the extracellular fluid. |
b. | Following neuron signalling, sodium must be returned to the extracellular fluid to allow another signal to be sent. |
c. | When the neuron is at rest, most of the sodium is in the intracellular compartment. |
d. | Following neuron signalling, sodium must be returned to the intracellular fluid to allow another signal to be sent. |
ANS: B REF: p 24
a. | blood clotting following a small cut |
b. | wound healing following a small wound |
c. | extracellular fluid moving into a dehydrated cell |
d. | an immune response against invading bacteria |
ANS: C REF: p 24
a. | carbon dioxide entering the blood from a cell |
b. | sodium moving into a neuron during signalling |
c. | extracellular fluid moving into a dehydrated cell |
d. | an immune response against invading bacteria |
ANS: D REF: p 24
ANS: C REF: p 26
a. | an effector. |
b. | a control centre. |
c. | a sensor. |
d. | a hormone. |
ANS: C REF: p 26
a. | damaged tissue. |
b. | spinal cord. |
c. | brain. |
d. | central endocrine organ. |
ANS: B REF: p 26
a. | central nervous system. |
b. | endocrine system. |
c. | cardiac system. |
d. | respiratory system. |
ANS: A REF: p 26
a. | the part of the nervous system that send signals to mediate a response. |
b. | the section of the nervous system that matches information from the sensor with information about the normal range. |
c. | that neuron that can detect a variable. |
d. | the target organ. |
ANS: A REF: p 26
a. | increase breathing. |
b. | decrease breathing. |
c. | increase urine output. |
d. | decrease heart rate. |
ANS: A REF: p 29
a. | increase breathing. |
b. | decrease breathing. |
c. | increase urine output. |
d. | decrease heart rate. |
ANS: B REF: p 26
a. | carbon dioxide |
b. | fluid |
c. | glucose |
d. | sodium |
ANS: A REF: p 26
a. | the brain only. |
b. | the endocrine system only. |
c. | both the nervous and endocrine systems. |
d. | both the nervous and respiratory systems. |
ANS: C REF: p 28
a. | brain. |
b. | spinal cord. |
c. | intestine. |
d. | kidneys. |
ANS: D REF: p 27
a. | Effector signals to the blood vessels causing vasoconstriction |
b. | Effector signals from the brain causing increased thirst |
c. | Effector signals to the endocrine system causing decreased urination |
d. | Hormone signals causing water retention in the urine |
ANS: D REF: p 28
a. | regulation of blood sodium levels |
b. | regulation of urine output |
c. | vasoconstriction |
d. | thirst reflex |
ANS: C REF: p 28
Craft, Gordon: Understanding Pathophysiology, 2nd Edition
Chapter 14: Infection
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
a. | superinfection. |
b. | pandemic. |
c. | epidemic. |
d. | opportunistic infection. |
ANS: B REF: p 320
a. | regulating inflammation. |
b. | secreting bacteriostatic substances. |
c. | activating white blood cells. |
d. | preventing colonisation of pathogens. |
ANS: D REF: p 320
a. | pathogenicity. |
b. | immunogenicity. |
c. | virulence. |
d. | LD50. |
ANS: C REF: p 321
a. | virus. |
b. | prion. |
c. | bacterium. |
d. | fungi. |
ANS: C REF: p 323
a. | producing capsules. |
b. | phagocytosis. |
c. | retreating. |
d. | developing antibodies. |
ANS: A REF: p 323
a. | endotoxin |
b. | exotoxin |
c. | toxoid |
d. | septicemia |
ANS: B REF: p 324
a. | gram-negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharide |
b. | gram-positive bacteria, protein. |
c. | gram-negative bacteria, protein |
d. | gram-positive bacteria, lipopolysaccharide. |
ANS: A REF: p 324
a. | gram-positive bacteria |
b. | fungi |
c. | gram-negative bacteria |
d. | virus |
ANS: C REF: p 325
a. | virus. |
b. | bacterium. |
c. | protozoan. |
d. | yeast. |
ANS: A REF: p 327
a. | contain mitochondria. |
b. | are capable of independent reproduction. |
c. | replicate their genetic material inside host cells. |
d. | are easily killed by antimicrobials. |
ANS: C REF: p 327
a. | integrates its DNA with the host cell DNA. |
b. | can replicate outside the host cell. |
c. | replicates using reverse transcriptase. |
d. | lives in the cytoplasm. |
ANS: A REF: p 327
a. | vaginal discharge |
b. | liver failure |
c. | immunodeficiency |
d. | cancer |
ANS: D REF: p 327
a. | The thrush is unrelated to her antibiotic treatment. |
b. | The Candida has utilised the antibiotics as a food source and grown rapidly. |
c. | The Candida must have become resistant to the antibiotics. |
d. | Her vaginal bacterial flora have been affected and allowed the overgrowth of the Candida yeast. |
ANS: D REF: p 329
a. | are easily treated with penicillin. |
b. | are extremely rare. |
c. | never occur with other infections. |
d. | are commonly opportunistic. |
ANS: D REF: p 329
a. | viral. |
b. | bacterial. |
c. | fungal. |
d. | algal. |
ANS: C REF: p 329
a. | antigenic drift. |
b. | antigenic shift |
c. | pathogenicity. |
d. | class switching. |
ANS: B REF: p 329
a. | fever. |
b. | jaundice. |
c. | vomiting. |
d. | pain. |
ANS: A REF: p 329
a. | kills bacteria. |
b. | mimics a section of host cell DNA. |
c. | stops bacterial replication. |
d. | interferes with cell wall synthesis. |
ANS: C REF: p 332
a. | active viruses. |
b. | attenuated viruses. |
c. | killed viruses. |
d. | viral toxins. |
ANS: B REF: p 332
a. | alive but less infectious. |
b. | mutated but highly infectious. |
c. | normal but not infectious. |
d. | inactive but infectious. |
ANS: A REF: p 332
a. | active bacteria. |
b. | attenuated bacteria. |
c. | dead bacteria. |
d. | bacterial toxins. |
ANS: C REF: p 333
a. | Escherichia coli |
b. | respiratory syncytial virus |
c. | Staphylococcus aureus |
d. | Helicobacter pylori |
ANS: D REF: p 335
a. | Escherichia coli. |
b. | respiratory syncytial virus. |
c. | Staphylococcus aureus. |
d. | Helicobacter pylori. |
ANS: D REF: p 336
a. | proliferation. |
b. | attenuation. |
c. | specialisation. |
d. | mutation. |
ANS: D REF: p 336
Craft, Gordon: Understanding Pathophysiology, 2nd Edition
Chapter 28: The structure and function of the urinary system
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
a. | calyx. |
b. | nephron. |
c. | collecting duct. |
d. | pyramid. |
ANS: B REF: p 823
a. | loop of Henle. |
b. | renal corpuscle. |
c. | proximal tubule. |
d. | renal pelvis. |
ANS: D REF: p 823
a. | corpuscle. |
b. | capsule. |
c. | medulla. |
d. | pyramid. |
ANS: A REF: p 823
a. | Juxtamedullary |
b. | Juxtacortical |
c. | Cortical |
d. | Medullary |
ANS: C REF: p 824
a. | podocytes. |
b. | macula densa cells. |
c. | mesangial cells. |
d. | renal macrophages. |
ANS: C REF: p 824
a. | all proteins filtered are subsequently secreted. |
b. | plasma proteins are commonly too large to fit through the fenestrations. |
c. | all proteins filtered are subsequently degraded before elimination. |
d. | the proteins are co-transported out of the filtrate. |
ANS: B REF: p 824
a. | 5% |
b. | 15% |
c. | 25% |
d. | 35% |
ANS: C REF: p 824
a. | podocytes. |
b. | macula densa. |
c. | mesangial cells. |
d. | loop of Henle. |
ANS: B REF: p 826
a. | renal arteries |
b. | arcuate arteries |
c. | peritubular capillaries |
d. | vasa recta |
ANS: D REF: p 825
a. | maximum rate of glucose filtration. |
b. | glucose reabsorption that is limited by the number of carrier molecules. |
c. | small amounts of glucose found in the urine of most individuals. |
d. | ability of the kidneys to regulate blood glucose. |
ANS: B REF: p 828
a. | proximal tubule. |
b. | loop of Henle. |
c. | distal tubule. |
d. | collecting duct. |
ANS: A REF: p 828
a. | 23 mmHg |
b. | 27 mmHg |
c. | 35 mmHg |
d. | 38 mmHg |
ANS: A REF: p 827
a. | sodium secretion. |
b. | potassium secretion. |
c. | hydrogen ion secretion. |
d. | water reabsorption. |
ANS: D REF: p 829
a. | sodium and chlorine |
b. | phosphate and calcium |
c. | hydrogen and potassium |
d. | bicarbonate and carbonic acid |
ANS: C REF: p 830
a. | antidiuretic hormone |
b. | atrial natriuretic factor |
c. | renin |
d. | aldosterone |
ANS: A REF: p 830
a. | juxtamedullary |
b. | juxtacortical |
c. | cortical |
d. | medullary |
ANS: A REF: p 8305
a. | hypokalaemia |
b. | hyponatraemia |
c. | increased uric acid secretion |
d. | hypernatraemia |
ANS: A REF: p 832
a. | perfusion pressure in the glomerular capillaries. |
b. | oncotic pressure in the glomerular capillaries. |
c. | vascular resistance in the glomerular arterioles. |
d. | hydrostatic pressure in the Bowmans capsule. |
ANS: A REF: p 833
a. | 20% |
b. | 40% |
c. | 50% |
d. | 75% |
ANS: A REF: p 832
a. | vagus nerve. |
b. | sympathetic nervous system. |
c. | somatic nervous system. |
d. | parasympathetic nervous system. |
ANS: B REF: p 834
a. | increased blood volume. |
b. | elevated sodium concentrations. |
c. | decreased blood pressure in the afferent arterioles. |
d. | renal hypoxia. |
ANS: C REF: p 834
a. | angiotensin I. |
b. | angiotensin II. |
c. | antidiuretic hormone. |
d. | aldosterone. |
ANS: A REF: p 834
a. | glomerular filtration rate. |
b. | circulating ADH levels. |
c. | volume of urine output. |
d. | urine-specific gravity. |
ANS: A REF: p 835
a. | increase glomerular filtration rate. |
b. | increase the volume of urine output. |
c. | increase the blood pressure. |
d. | increase urinary osmolality. |
ANS: B REF: p 835
a. | bilirubin. |
b. | glucose. |
c. | urea. |
d. | ketones. |
ANS: C REF: p 836
a. | directly |
b. | indirectly |
c. | inversely |
d. | not |
ANS: C REF: p 837
a. | distal tubule. |
b. | collecting duct. |
c. | pyramid. |
d. | renal pelvis. |
ANS: B REF: p 837
a. | collecting duct. |
b. | renal pelvis. |
c. | urethra. |
d. | major calyx. |
ANS: B REF: p 837
a. | the orifice of the ureter. |
b. | the inner area of the kidney. |
c. | a triangular area between the openings of the two ureters and the urethra. |
d. | the three divisions of the loop of Henle. |
ANS: C REF: p 838
a. | membranous portion. |
b. | prostatic portion. |
c. | cavernous portion. |
d. | vas deferens portion. |
ANS: B REF: p 839
Craft, Gordon: Understanding Pathophysiology, 2nd Edition
Chapter 40: Mori health in Aotearoa New Zealand
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
a. | 20.7% |
b. | 50.1% |
c. | 5.5% |
d. | 14.6% |
ANS: D REF: p 1180
a. | Aboriginal New Zealander |
b. | Originating and living in a particular place |
c. | Living a traditional lifestyle |
d. | A newly arrived migrant |
ANS: B REF: p 1180
a. | 45 years |
b. | 15 years |
c. | 23 years |
d. | 60 years |
ANS: C REF: p 1180
a. | 26 years |
b. | 50 years |
c. | 18 years |
d. | 64 years |
ANS: A REF: p 1180
a. | 2 years |
b. | 5 years |
c. | 7 years |
d. | 9 years |
ANS: C REF: p 1182
a. | Indigenous people of New Zealand |
b. | Non Mori people of New Zealand |
c. | Indigenous people of the world |
d. | All New Zealanders |
ANS: A REF: p 1180
a. | North Island |
b. | South Island |
c. | Australia |
d. | Chatham Islands |
ANS: A REF: p 1180
a. | Cardiovascular disease |
b. | Diabetes |
c. | Cancer |
d. | Suicide |
ANS: A REF: p 1183
a. | 2.87 births per woman |
b. | 4.32 births per woman |
c. | 1.4 births per woman |
d. | 2.11 births per woman |
ANS: A REF: p 1182
a. | chronic kidney disease |
b. | obesity |
c. | cancers |
d. | diabetes |
ANS: D REF: p 1183
a. | diet and exercise |
b. | lower body mass indexes |
c. | thrifty gene |
d. | Western diet |
ANS: C REF: p 1185
a. | 3 |
b. | 8 |
c. | 4 |
d. | 10 |
ANS: A REF: p 1185
a. | Mood disorders and bipolar |
b. | Schizophrenia and anxiety |
c. | Bipolar and substance abuse |
d. | Mood disorders and substance abuse |
ANS: D REF: p 1187
a. | smoking |
b. | alcohol |
c. | obesity |
d. | all of the above |
ANS: D REF: p 1191
a. | 1 |
b. | 3 |
c. | 7 |
d. | 9 |
ANS: D REF: p 1185
a. | 5.7 |
b. | 2.1 |
c. | 3.5 |
d. | 1.1 |
ANS: C REF: p 1186
a. | gender, sexuality and employment |
b. | education, employment and housing |
c. | addiction, transport and family support |
d. | education, low birth weight and loss of land |
ANS: B REF: p
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