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Varcarolis Foundations of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing A Clinical Approach 7th Edition By Margaret Jordan Halter test bank
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Varcarolis Foundations of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing A Clinical Approach 7th Edition By Margaret Jordan Halter test bank
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Varcarolis Foundations of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing A Clinical Approach 7th Edition By Margaret Jordan Halter
Chapter 02: Relevant Theories and Therapies for Nursing Practice
MULTIPLE CHOICE
- A parent says, My 2-year-old child refuses toilet training and shouts No! when given directions. What do you think is wrong? Select the nurses best reply.
| a. | Your child needs firmer control. It is important to set limits now. |
| b. | This is normal for your childs age. The child is striving for independence. |
| c. | There may be developmental problems. Most children are toilet trained by age 2. |
| d. | Some undesirable attitudes are developing. A child psychologist can help you develop a plan. |
ANS: B
This behavior is typical of a child around the age of 2 years, whose developmental task is to develop autonomy. The distracters indicate the childs behavior is abnormal.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
REF: Page 22-23 (Table 2-2) TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
- A 26-month-old displays negative behavior, refuses toilet training, and often says, No! Which stage of psychosexual development is evident?
| a. | Oral | c. | Phallic |
| b. | Anal | d. | Genital |
ANS: B
The anal stage occurs from age 1 to 3 years and has as its focus toilet training and learning to delay immediate gratification. The oral stage occurs between birth and 1 year. The phallic stage occurs between 3 and 5 years, and the genital stage occurs between age 13 and 20 years.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
REF: Page 21-22 (Table 2-1) TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
- A 26-month-old displays negative behavior, refuses toilet training, and often says, No! Which psychosocial crisis is evident?
| a. | Trust versus mistrust | c. | Industry versus inferiority |
| b. | Initiative versus guilt | d. | Autonomy versus shame and doubt |
ANS: D
The crisis of autonomy versus shame and doubt relates to the developmental task of gaining control of self and environment, as exemplified by toilet training. This psychosocial crisis occurs during the period of early childhood. Trust versus mistrust is the crisis of the infant. Initiative versus guilt is the crisis of the preschool and early-school-aged child. Industry versus inferiority is the crisis of the 6- to 12-year-old child.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
REF: Page 22-23 (Table 2-2) TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
- A 4-year-old grabs toys from siblings and says, I want that now! The siblings cry, and the childs parent becomes upset with the behavior. According to Freudian theory, this behavior is a product of impulses originating in which system of the personality?
| a. | Id | c. | Superego |
| b. | Ego | d. | Preconscious |
ANS: A
The id operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of impulses. The ego acts as a mediator of behavior and weighs the consequences of the action, perhaps determining that taking the toy is not worth the mothers wrath. The superego would oppose the impulsive behavior as not nice. The preconscious is a level of awareness. This item relates to an audience response question.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
REF: Page 20-21 TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
- The parent of a 4-year-old rewards and praises the child for helping a younger sibling, being polite, and using good manners. The nurse supports this use of praise related to these behaviors. These qualities are likely to be internalized and become part of which system of the personality?
| a. | Id | c. | Superego |
| b. | Ego | d. | Preconscious |
ANS: C
The superego contains the thou shalts, or moral standards internalized from interactions with significant others. Praise fosters internalization of desirable behaviors. The id is the center of basic instinctual drives, and the ego is the mediator. The ego is the problem-solving and reality-testing portion of the personality that negotiates solutions with the outside world. The preconscious is a level of awareness from which material can be retrieved easily with conscious effort. This item relates to an audience response question.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
REF: Page 20-21 TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
- A nurse supports a parent for praising a child behaving in a helpful way. When this child behaves with politeness and helpfulness in adulthood, which feeling will most likely result?
| a. | Guilt | c. | Humility |
| b. | Anxiety | d. | Self-esteem |
ANS: D
The individual will be living up to the ego ideal, which will result in positive feelings about self. The other options are incorrect because each represents a negative feeling.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
REF: Page 21 | Page 28 TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
- An adult says, I never know the answers, and My opinion doesnt count. Which psychosocial crisis was unsuccessfully resolved for this adult?
| a. | Initiative versus guilt | c. | Autonomy versus shame and doubt |
| b. | Trust versus mistrust | d. | Generativity versus self-absorption |
ANS: C
These statements show severe self-doubt, indicating that the crisis of gaining control over the environment was not met successfully. Unsuccessful resolution of the crisis of initiative versus guilt results in feelings of guilt. Unsuccessful resolution of the crisis of trust versus mistrust results in poor interpersonal relationships and suspicion of others. Unsuccessful resolution of the crisis of generativity versus self-absorption results in self-absorption that limits the ability to grow as a person.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
REF: Page 22-23 (Table 2-2) TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
- Which patient statement would lead the nurse to suspect unsuccessful completion of the developmental task of infancy?
| a. | I have very warm and close friendships. |
| b. | Im afraid to allow anyone to really get to know me. |
| c. | Im always absolutely right, so dont bother saying more. |
| d. | Im ashamed that I didnt do things correctly in the first place. |
ANS: B
According to Erikson, the developmental task of infancy is the development of trust. The correct response is the only statement clearly showing lack of ability to trust others. Warm, close relationships suggest the developmental task of infancy was successfully completed; rigidity and self-absorption are reflected in the belief one is always right; and shame for past actions suggests failure to resolve the crisis of initiative versus guilt.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
REF: Page 22-23 (Table 2-2) TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
- A patient is suspicious and frequently manipulates others. To which psychosexual stage do these traits relate?
| a. | Oral | c. | Phallic |
| b. | Anal | d. | Genital |
ANS: A
The behaviors in the stem develop as the result of attitudes formed during the oral stage, when an infant first learns to relate to the environment. Anal-stage traits include stinginess, stubbornness, orderliness, or their opposites. Phallic-stage traits include flirtatiousness, pride, vanity, difficulty with authority figures, and difficulties with sexual identity. Genital-stage traits include the ability to form satisfying sexual and emotional relationships with members of the opposite sex, emancipation from parents, a strong sense of personal identity, or the opposites of these traits.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
REF: Page 21-22 (Table 2-1) TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
- A patient expresses a desire to be cared for by others and often behaves in a helpless fashion. Which stage of psychosexual development is most relevant to the patients needs?
| a. | Latency | c. | Anal |
| b. | Phallic | d. | Oral |
ANS: D
Fixation at the oral stage sometimes produces dependent infantile behaviors in adults. Latency fixations often result in difficulty identifying with others and developing social skills, resulting in a sense of inadequacy and inferiority. Phallic fixations result in having difficulty with authority figures and poor sexual identity. Anal fixation sometimes results in retentiveness, rigidity, messiness, destructiveness, and cruelty. This item relates to an audience response question.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
REF: Page 21-22 (Table 2-1) TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
- A nurse listens to a group of recent retirees. One says, I volunteer with Meals on Wheels, coach teen sports, and do church visitation. Another laughs and says, Im too busy taking care of myself to volunteer to help others. Which developmental task do these statements contrast?
| a. | Trust and mistrust | c. | Industry and inferiority |
| b. | Intimacy and isolation | d. | Generativity and self-absorption |
ANS: D
Both retirees are in middle adulthood, when the developmental crisis to be resolved is generativity versus self-absorption. One exemplifies generativity; the other embodies self-absorption. This developmental crisis would show a contrast between relating to others in a trusting fashion and being suspicious and lacking trust. Failure to negotiate this developmental crisis would result in a sense of inferiority or difficulty learning and working as opposed to the ability to work competently. Behaviors that would be contrasted would be emotional isolation and the ability to love and commit oneself.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
REF: Page 22-23 (Table 2-2) TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
- Although ego defense mechanisms and security operations are mainly unconscious and designed to relieve anxiety, the major difference is that:
| a. | defense mechanisms are intrapsychic and not observable. |
| b. | defense mechanisms cause arrested personal development. |
| c. | security operations are masterminded by the id and superego. |
| d. | security operations address interpersonal relationship activities. |
ANS: D
Sullivans theory explains that security operations are interpersonal relationship activities designed to relieve anxiety. Because they are interpersonal, they are observable. Defense mechanisms are unconscious and automatic. Repression is entirely intrapsychic, but other mechanisms result in observable behaviors. Frequent, continued use of many defense mechanisms often results in reality distortion and interference with healthy adjustment and emotional development. Occasional use of defense mechanisms is normal and does not markedly interfere with development. Security operations are ego-centered. This item relates to an audience response question.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
REF: Page 33-34 (Table 2-6) TOP: Nursing Process: Analysis
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
- A student nurse says, I dont need to interact with my patients. I learn what I need to know by observation. An instructor can best interpret the nursing implications of Sullivans theory to this student by responding:
| a. | Interactions are required in order to help you develop therapeutic communication skills. |
| b. | Nurses cannot be isolated. We must interact to provide patients with opportunities to practice interpersonal skills. |
| c. | Observing patient interactions will help you formulate priority nursing diagnoses and appropriate interventions. |
| d. | It is important to pay attention to patients behavioral changes, because these signify adjustments in personality. |
ANS: B
The nurses role includes educating patients and assisting them in developing effective interpersonal relationships. Mutuality, respect for the patient, unconditional acceptance, and empathy are cornerstones of Sullivans theory. The nurse who does not interact with the patient cannot demonstrate these cornerstones. Observations provide only objective data. Priority nursing diagnoses usually cannot be accurately established without subjective data from the patient. The other distracters relate to Maslow and behavioral theory. This item relates to an audience response question.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
REF: Page 33-34 (Table 2-6) TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
- A nurse consistently encourages patient to do his or her own activities of daily living (ADLs). If the patient is unable to complete an activity, the nurse helps until the patient is once again independent. This nurses practice is most influenced by which theorist?
| a. | Betty Neuman | c. | Dorothea Orem |
| b. | Patricia Benner | d. | Joyce Travelbee |
ANS: C
Orem emphasizes the role of the nurse in promoting self-care activities of the patient; this has relevance to the seriously and persistently mentally ill patient.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
REF: Page 30-31 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
- A nurse uses Maslows hierarchy of needs to plan care for a patient with mental illness. Which problem will receive priority? The patient:
| a. | refuses to eat or bathe. |
| b. | reports feelings of alienation from family. |
| c. | is reluctant to participate in unit social activities. |
| d. | is unaware of medication action and side effects. |
ANS: A
The need for food and hygiene are physiological and therefore take priority over psychological or meta-needs in care planning.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis)
REF: Page 31-32 (Figure 2-5) TOP: Nursing Process: Planning/Outcomes Identification
MSC: Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment
- Operant conditioning is part of the treatment plan to encourage speech in a child who is nearly mute. Which technique applies?
| a. | Encourage the child to observe others talking. |
| b. | Include the child in small group activities. |
| c. | Give the child a small treat for speaking. |
| d. | Teach the child relaxation techniques. |
ANS: C
Operant conditioning involves giving positive reinforcement for a desired behavior. Treats are rewards and reinforce speech through positive reinforcement.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
REF: Page 27 (Fig 2-3) TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
- The parent of a child diagnosed with schizophrenia tearfully asks the nurse, What could I have done differently to prevent this illness? Select the nurses best response.
| a. | Although schizophrenia results from impaired family relationships, try not to feel guilty. No one can predict how a child will respond to parental guidance. |
| b. | Schizophrenia is a biological illness resulting from changes in how the brain and nervous system function. You are not to blame for your childs illness. |
| c. | There is still hope. Changing your parenting style can help your child learn to cope effectively with the environment. |
| d. | Most mental illnesses result from genetic inheritance. Your genes are more at fault than your parenting. |
ANS: B
The parents comment suggests feelings of guilt or inadequacy. The nurses response should address these feelings as well as provide information. Patients and families need reassurance that the major mental disorders are biological in origin and are not the fault of parents. One distracter places the burden of having faulty genes on the shoulders of the parents. The other distracters are neither wholly accurate nor reassuring.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
REF: Page 33 TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
- A nurse influenced by Peplaus interpersonal theory works with an anxious, withdrawn patient. Interventions should focus on:
| a. | rewarding desired behaviors. |
| b. | use of assertive communication. |
| c. | changing the patients self-concept. |
| d. | administering medications to relieve anxiety. |
ANS: B
The nurse-patient relationship is structured to provide a model for adaptive interpersonal relationships that can be generalized to others. Helping the patient learn to use assertive communication will improve the patients interpersonal relationships. The distracters apply to theories of cognitive, behavioral, and biological therapy.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
REF: Page 21-22 TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
- A patient had psychotherapy weekly for 5 months. The therapist used free association, dream analysis, and facilitated transference to help the patient understand conflicts and foster change. Select the term that applies to this method.
| a. | Rational-emotive behavior therapy | c. | Cognitive-behavioral therapy |
| b. | Psychodynamic psychotherapy | d. | Operant conditioning |
ANS: B
The techniques are aspects of psychodynamic psychotherapy. The distracters use other techniques.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
REF: Page 20-21 | Page 34 (Table 2-6) TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
- Consider this comment from a therapist: The patient is homosexual but has kept this preference secret. Severe anxiety and depression occur when the patient anticipates family reactions to this sexual orientation. Which perspective is evident in the speaker?
| a. | Theory of interpersonal relationships | c. | Psychosexual theory |
| b. | Classical conditioning theory | d. | Behaviorism theory |
ANS: A
The theory of interpersonal relationships recognizes the anxiety and depression as resulting from unmet interpersonal security needs. Behaviorism and classical conditioning theories do not apply. A psychosexual formulation would focus on uncovering unconscious material that relates to the patient problem.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
REF: Page 24 | Page 34 (Table 2-6) TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
- A psychotherapist works with an anxious, dependent patient. Which strategy is most consistent with psychoanalytic psychotherapy?
| a. | Identifying the patients strengths and assets |
| b. | Praising the patient for describing feelings of isolation |
| c. | Focusing on feelings developed by the patient toward the therapist |
| d. | Providing psychoeducation and emphasizing medication adherence |
ANS: C
Positive or negative feelings of the patient toward the therapist indicate transference. Transference is a psychoanalytic concept that can be used to explore previously unresolved conflicts. The distracters relate to biological therapy and supportive psychotherapy. Use of psychoeducational materials is a common homework assignment used in cognitive therapy.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
REF: Page 21-22 | Page 34 (Table 2-6) TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
- A person says, I was the only survivor in a small plane crash. Three business associates died. I got depressed and saw a counselor twice a week for 4 weeks. We talked about my feelings related to being a survivor, and Im better now. Which type of therapy was used?
| a. | Milieu therapy | c. | Behavior modification |
| b. | Psychoanalysis | d. | Interpersonal psychotherapy |
ANS: D
Interpersonal psychotherapy returned the patient to his former level of functioning by helping him come to terms with the loss of friends and guilt over being a survivor. Milieu therapy refers to environmental therapy. Psychoanalysis would call for a long period of exploration of unconscious material. Behavior modification would focus on changing a behavior rather than helping the patient understand what is going on in his life.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
REF: Page 24-25 | Page 34 (Table 2-6) TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
- Which technique is most applicable to aversion therapy?
| a. | Punishment | c. | Role modeling |
| b. | Desensitization | d. | Positive reinforcement |
ANS: A
Aversion therapy is akin to punishment. Aversive techniques include pairing of a maladaptive behavior with a noxious stimulus, punishment, and avoidance training.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
REF: Page 28 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
- A patient says to the nurse, My father has been dead for over 10 years, but talking to you is almost as comforting as the talks he and I had when I was a child. Which term applies to the patients comment?
| a. | Superego | c. | Reality testing |
| b. | Transference | d. | Counter-transference |
ANS: B
Transference refers to feelings a patient has toward the health care workers that were originally held toward significant others in his or her life. Counter-transference refers to unconscious feelings that the health care worker has toward the patient. The superego represents the moral component of personality; it seeks perfection.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
REF: Page 21-22 TOP: Nursing Process: Evaluation
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
- A college student received an invitation to attend the wedding of a close friend who lives across the country. The student is afraid of flying. Which type of therapy would be most helpful for this patient?
| a. | Psychoanalysis | c. | Systematic desensitization |
| b. | Milieu therapy | d. | Short-term dynamic therapy |
ANS: C
Systematic desensitization is a type of therapy aimed at extinguishing a specific behavior, such as the fear of flying. Psychoanalysis and short-term dynamic therapy seek to uncover conflicts. Milieu therapy involves environmental factors.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
REF: Page 27-28 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
- A patient would benefit from therapy in which peers as well as staff have a voice in determining patients privileges and psychoeducational topics. Which approach would be best?
| a. | Milieu therapy | c. | Short-term dynamic therapy |
| b. | Cognitive therapy | d. | Systematic desensitization |
ANS: A
Milieu therapy is based on the idea that all members of the environment contribute to the planning and functioning of the setting. The distracters are individual therapies that do not fit the description.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
REF: Page 33 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
- A patient repeatedly stated, Im stupid. Which statement by that patient would show progress resulting from cognitive behavioral therapy?
| a. | Sometimes I do stupid things. |
| b. | Things always go wrong for me. |
| c. | I always fail when I try new things. |
| d. | Im disappointed in my lack of ability. |
ANS: A
Im stupid is a cognitive distortion. A more rational thought is Sometimes I do stupid things. The latter thinking promotes emotional self-control. The distracters reflect irrational or distorted thinking. This item relates to an audience response question.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
REF: Page 29-31 (Table 2-5) TOP: Nursing Process: Evaluation
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
- A patient says, All my life Ive been surrounded by stupidity. Everything I buy breaks because the entire American workforce is incompetent. This patient is experiencing a:
| a. | self-esteem deficit. | c. | deficit in motivation. |
| b. | cognitive distortion. | d. | deficit in love and belonging. |
ANS: B
Automatic thoughts, or cognitive distortions, are irrational and lead to false assumptions and misinterpretations. See related audience response question.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
REF: Page 29-31 (Table 2-5) TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
- A patient is fearful of riding on elevators. The therapist first rides an escalator with the patient. The therapist and patient then stand in an elevator with the door open for five minutes and later with the elevator door closed for five minutes. Which technique has the therapist used?
| a. | Classic psychoanalytic therapy | c. | Rational emotive therapy |
| b. | Systematic desensitization | d. | Biofeedback |
ANS: B
Systematic desensitization is a form of behavior modification therapy that involves the development of behavior tasks customized to the patients specific fears. These tasks are presented to the patient while using learned relaxation techniques. The patient is incrementally exposed to the fear.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
REF: Page 28 TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
- A patient says, I always feel good when I wear a size 2 petite. Which type of cognitive distortion is evident?
| a. | Disqualifying the positive | c. | Catastrophizing |
| b. | Overgeneralization | d. | Personalization |
ANS: B
Automatic thoughts, or cognitive distortions, are irrational and lead to false assumptions and misinterpretations. The stem offers an example of overgeneralization. See related audience response question.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
REF: Page 29-31 (Table 2-5) TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
- Which comment best indicates a patient is self-actualized?
| a. | I have succeeded despite a world filled with evil. |
| b. | I have a plan for my life. If I follow it, everything will be fine. |
| c. | Im successful because I work hard. No one has ever given me anything. |
| d. | My favorite leisure is walking on the beach, hearing soft sounds of rolling waves. |
ANS: D
The self-actualized personality is associated with high productivity and enjoyment of life. Self-actualized persons experience pleasure in being alone and an ability to reflect on events.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
REF: Page 31-32 (Box 2-1) TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
- A nurse and patient discuss a problem the patient has kept secret for many years. Afterward the patient says, I feel so relieved that I finally told somebody. Which term best describes the patients feeling?
| a. | Catharsis | c. | Cognitive distortion |
| b. | Superego | d. | Counter-transference |
ANS: A
Freud initially used talk therapy, known as the cathartic method. Today we refer to catharsis as getting things off our chests. The superego represents the moral component of personality.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
REF: Page 20 TOP: Nursing Process: Evaluation
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
- Which patient is the best candidate for brief psychodynamic therapy?
| a. | An accountant with a loving family and successful career who was involved in a short extramarital affair |
| b. | An adult with a long history of major depression who was charged with driving under the influence (DUI) |
| c. | A woman with a history of borderline personality disorder who recently cut both wrists |
| d. | An adult male recently diagnosed with anorexia nervosa |
ANS: A
The best candidates for psychodynamic therapy are relatively healthy and well-functioning individuals, sometimes referred to as the worried well, who have a clearly circumscribed area of difficulty and are intelligent, psychologically minded, and well-motivated for change. Patients with psychosis, severe depression, borderline personality disorders, and severe character disorders are not appropriate candidates for this type of treatment.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
REF: Page 21-22 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
- A patient states, Im starting cognitive-behavioral therapy. What can I expect from the sessions? Which responses by the nurse would be appropriate? Select all that apply.
| a. | The therapist will be active and questioning. |
| b. | You will be given some homework assignments. |
| c. | The therapist will ask you to describe your dreams. |
| d. | The therapist will help you look at your ideas and beliefs about yourself. |
| e. | The goal is to increase subjectivity about thoughts that govern your behavior. |
ANS: A, B, D
Cognitive therapists are active rather than passive during therapy sessions because they help patients reality-test their thinking. Homework assignments are given and completed outside the therapy sessions. Homework is usually discussed at the next therapy session. The goal of cognitive therapy is to assist the patient in identifying inaccurate cognitions and in reality- testing and formulating new, accurate cognitions. One distracter applies to psychoanalysis. Increasing subjectivity is not desirable.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
REF: Page 29-31 | Page 34 (Table 2-6) TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
- Which comments by an elderly person best indicate successful completion of the developmental task? Select all that apply.
| a. | I am proud of my childrens successes in life. |
| b. | I should have given to community charities more often. |
| c. | My relationship with my father made life more difficult for me. |
| d. | My experiences in the war helped me appreciate the meaning of life. |
| e. | I often wonder what would have happened if I had chosen a different career. |
ANS: A, D
The developmental crisis for an elderly person relates to integrity versus despair. Pride in ones offspring indicates a sense of fulfillment. Recognition of the wisdom gained from difficult experiences (such as being in a war) indicates a sense of integrity. Blaming and regret indicate despair and unsuccessful resolution of the crisis.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
REF: Page 22-23 (Table 2-2) TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
- Which comments by an adult best indicate self-actualization? Select all that apply.
| a. | I am content with a good book. |
| b. | I often wonder if I chose the right career. |
| c. | Sometimes I think about how my parents would have handled problems. |
| d. | Its important for our country to provide basic health care services for everyone. |
| e. | When I was lost at sea for 2 days, I gained an understanding of what is important. |
ANS: A, D, E
Self-actualized persons enjoy privacy, have a sense of democracy, and show positive outcomes associated with peak experiences. Self-doubt, defensiveness, and blaming are not consistent with self-actualization.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
REF: Page 22 | Page 31-32 TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
- Which activities represent the art of nursing? Select all that apply.
| a. | Administering medications on time to a group of patients |
| b. | Listening to a new widow grieve her husbands death |
| c. | Helping a patient obtain groceries from a food bank |
| d. | Teaching a patient about a new medication |
| e. | Holding the hand of a frightened patient |
ANS: B, C, E
Peplau described the science and art of professional nursing practice. The art component of nursing consists of the care, compassion, and advocacy nurses provide to enhance patient comfort and well-being. The science component of nursing involves the application of knowledge to understand a broad range of human problems and psychosocial phenomena, intervening to relieve patients suffering and promote growth. See related audience response question.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
REF: Page 24-25 TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
Chapter 16: Trauma, Stressor-Related, and Dissociative Disorders
MULTIPLE CHOICE
- A nurse works with a patient diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder who has frequent flashbacks as well as persistent symptoms of arousal. Which intervention should be included in the plan of care?
| a. | Trigger flashbacks intentionally in order to help the patient learn to cope with them. |
| b. | Explain that the physical symptoms are related to the psychological state. |
| c. | Encourage repression of memories associated with the traumatic event. |
| d. | Support numbing as a temporary way to manage intolerable feelings. |
ANS: B
Persons with posttraumatic stress disorder often experience somatic symptoms or sympathetic nervous system arousal that can be confusing and distressing. Explaining that these are the bodys responses to psychological trauma helps the patient understand how such symptoms are part of the illness and something that will respond to treatment. This decreases powerlessness over the symptoms and helps instill a sense of hope. It also helps the patient to understand how relaxation, breathing exercises, and imagery can be helpful in symptom reduction. The goal of treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder is to come to terms with the event so treatment efforts would not include repression of memories or numbing. Triggering flashbacks would increase patient distress.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
REF: Page 310-311 TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
- Four teenagers died in an automobile accident. One week later, which behavior by the parents of these teenagers most clearly demonstrates resilience? The parents who:
| a. | visit their teenagers grave daily. |
| b. | return immediately to employment. |
| c. | discuss the accident within the family only. |
| d. | create a scholarship fund at their childs high school. |
ANS: D
Resilience refers to positive adaptation or the ability to maintain or regain mental health despite adversity. Loss of a child is among the highest-risk situations for maladaptive grieving. The parents who create a scholarship fund are openly expressing their feelings and memorializing their child. The other parents in this question are isolating themselves and/or denying their feelings. Visiting the grave daily shows active continued mourning but is not as strongly indicative of resilience as the correct response.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
REF: Page 306-307 | Page 310-313 | Page 312 (Nursing Care Plan 16-1)
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
- After the sudden death of his wife, a man says, I cant live without hershe was my whole life. Select the nurses most therapeutic reply.
| a. | Each day will get a little better. |
| b. | Her death is a terrible loss for you. |
| c. | Its important to recognize that she is no longer suffering. |
| d. | Your friends will help you cope with this change in your life. |
ANS: B
Adjustment disorders may be associated with grief. A statement that validates a bereaved persons loss is more helpful than false reassurances and clichs. It signifies understanding.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
REF: Page 310-311 TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
- A woman just received notification that her husband died. She approaches the nurse who cared for him during his last hours and says angrily, If you had given him your undivided attention, he would still be alive. How should the nurse analyze this behavior?
| a. | The comment suggests potential allegations of malpractice. |
| b. | In some cultures, grief is expressed solely through anger. |
| c. | Anger is an expected emotion in an adjustment disorder. |
| d. | The patient had ambivalent feelings about her husband. |
ANS: C
Symptoms of adjustment disorder run the gamut of all forms of distress including guilt, depression, and anger. Anger may protect the bereaved from facing the devastating reality of loss.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
REF: Page 310-311 TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
- A wife received news that her husband died of heart failure and called her family to come to the hospital. She angrily tells the nurse who cared for him, He would still be alive if you had given him your undivided attention. Select the nurses best intervention.
| a. | Say to the wife, I understand you are feeling upset. I will stay with you until your family comes. |
| b. | Say to the wife, Your husbands heart was so severely damaged that it could no longer pump. |
| c. | Say to the wife, I will call the health care provider to discuss this matter with you. |
| d. | Hold the wifes hand in silence until the family arrives. |
ANS: A
The nurse builds trust and shows compassion in the face of adjustment disorders. Therapeutic responses provide comfort. The nurse should show patience and tact while offering sympathy and warmth. The distracters are defensive, evasive, or placating.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
REF: Page 310-311 | Page 312 (Nursing Care Plan 16-1)
TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
- A child drowned while swimming in a local lake 2 years ago. Which behavior indicates the childs parents have adapted to their loss? The parents:
| a. | visit their childs grave daily. |
| b. | maintain their childs room as the child left it 2 years ago. |
| c. | keep a place set for the dead child at the family dinner table. |
| d. | throw flowers on the lake at each anniversary date of the accident. |
ANS: D
Resilience refers to positive adaptation or the ability to maintain or regain mental health despite adversity. Loss of a child is among the highest-risk situations for an adjustment disorder and maladaptive grieving. The parents who throw flowers on the lake on each anniversary date of the accident are openly expressing their feelings. The other behaviors are maladaptive because of isolating themselves and/or denying their feelings. After 2 years, the frequency of visiting the grave should have decreased.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
REF: Page 306-307 | Page 310-313 | Page 312 (Nursing Care Plan 16-1)
TOP: Nursing Process: Evaluation MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
- A store clerk was killed during a robbery 2 weeks ago. His widow, who has a long history of schizoaffective disorder, cries spontaneously when talking about his death. Select the nurses most therapeutic response.
| a. | Are you taking your medications the way they are prescribed? |
| b. | This loss is harder to accept because of your mental illness. Do you think you should be hospitalized? |
| c. | Im worried about how much you are crying. Your grief over your husbands death has gone on too
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